Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

Xie, Jinxin; Tong, Panpan; Zhang, Aoyuntuya; Zhang, Lei; Song, Xiaozhen; Ling, Kai

doi:10.1007/s12250-019-00185-2

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, previous attempts to isolate the equine PIV5 using Vero cells failed (Xie et al, 2020). Nevertheless, the possibility of inter-species transmission from humans rather than animals cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been reported that the equine PIV5 XJ033 strain obtained by Illumina sequencing platform showed a 99.9% homology with the human PIV5 strain AGS. However, previous attempts to isolate the equine PIV5 using Vero cells failed (Xie et al., 2020). Nevertheless, the possibility of inter‐species transmission from humans rather than animals cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation, identification and pathogenic characteristics of tick‐derived parainfluenza virus 5 in northeast China

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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The number of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) infection cases has increased worldwide over the past six decades; however, factors underlying this increase remain unclear. PIV5 has been emerging or re‐emerging in humans and animal species. To date, no information is yet available regarding PIV5 infection in arthropod ticks. Here, we successfully isolated tick‐derived PIV5 from the Ixodes persulcatus species designated as HLJ/Tick/2019 in Heilongjiang, China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the tick‐derived PIV5 is closely related to subclade 2.2.6, which has become the dominant subtype prevalent in dogs, pigs and wildlife across China. Further experiments to understand the importance of this virus as an infectious vector revealed that a ferret animal model experimentally infected with Tick/HLJ/2019 via the oronasal and ocular inoculation routes developed moderate respiratory distress with pneumonia and neurologic tissue damage from inflammation for the first time. Further surveillance of PIV5 in vectors of viral transmission is necessary to enhance our knowledge of its ecology in reservoirs and facilitate the control of re‐emerging diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification and pathogenic characteristics of tick‐derived parainfluenza virus 5 in northeast China

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…Given the broad host range and the cross-species transmission of the PIV5 [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 38 , 39 ], the primers and probe set for the dqRT-PCR assay developed in this study was carefully designed to detect CPIV5 and PIV5 strains from different non-canine hosts based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-encoding region of the PIV5 L gene, which is the most conserved viral gene in PIV5 strains isolated from different hosts [ 35 ]. Notably, the sequences of the designed primers and probe of the dqRT-PCR assay had no mismatches on the target gene sequences of all available PIV5 strains from different hosts ( Figure S1A ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PIV5 was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 [ 2 ], and it is also known as simian virus 5. Since then, PIV5 has frequently been discovered in various hosts, including humans, pigs, dogs, cats, rodents, calves, horses, and lesser pandas [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], suggesting that the virus is a potential zoonotic pathogen capable of cross-species transmission. In dogs, the canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) was first identified in laboratory dogs with respiratory disease in 1967.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Duplex Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assay with a Canine Endogenous Internal Positive Control for More Sensitive and Reliable Detection of Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5

Jeon

Kim

Shin

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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A duplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (dqRT-PCR) assay was successfully developed to simultaneously detect canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV5) and a canine endogenous internal positive control (EIPC) in canine clinical samples. Two sets of primers and probes for the CPIV5 L and canine 16S rRNA genes were included in the dqRT-PCR assay to detect CPIV and monitor invalid results throughout the qRT-PCR process. The developed dqRT-PCR assay specifically detected CPIV5 but no other canine pathogens. Furthermore, 16S rRNA was stably amplified by dqRT-PCR assay in all samples containing canine cellular materials. The assay’s sensitivity was determined as below ten RNA copies per reaction, with CPIV5 L gene standard RNA and 1 TCID50/mL with the CPIV5 D008 vaccine strain, which was 10-fold higher than that of the previous HN gene-specific qRT-PCR (HN-qRT-PCR) assays and was equivalent to that of the previous N gene-specific qRT-PCR (N-qRT-PCR) assays, respectively. Moreover, the Ct values of the CPIV5-positive samples obtained using the dqRT-PCR assay were lower than those obtained using the previous HN- and N-qRT-PCR assays, indicating that the diagnostic performance of the dqRT-PCR assay was superior to those of previous HN- and N-qRT-PCR assays. The calculated Cohen’s kappa coefficient values (95% confidence interval) between dqRT-PCR and the HN- or N-specific qRT-PCR assays were 0.97 (0.90–1.03) or 1.00 (1.00–1.00), respectively. In conclusion, the newly developed dqRT-PCR assay with high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability will be a promising diagnostic tool for the detection of CPIV5 in clinical samples and useful for etiological and epidemiological studies of CPIV5 infection in dogs.

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“…Recently, PIV5 infection has been increasingly reported and causes respiratory and neurological diseases in a variety of host species, including human, pig, dog, cattle, cat, hamster, guinea pig, pangolin, lesser panda and horse (Charoenkul et al., 2021; Lee & Lee, 2013; Liu et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2019; Xie et al., 2020; Zhai et al., 2017). The co‐infection of PIV5 with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs was found to be associated with respiratory clinical signs (Heinen et al., 1998; Lee et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of parainfluenza virus 5 from diarrheic piglet highlights its zoonotic potential

Ibrahim

Zhang

Werid

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a member of paramyxoviruses, causes respiratory and neurological infection in several animal species. Whereas information on PIV5 infection in digestive system is very scarce. Here, we successfully isolated one PIV5 strain from diarrheic piglets. After four times plaque purification and ultracentrifugation, the paramyxovirus‐like particles were observed by electron microscopy. The genome‐wide phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated strain was closely related to the PIV5 strain from a lesser panda and pigs in China. Therefore, we characterized this isolated PIV5 and found that this virus could haemagglutinate red blood cells from both guinea pigs and chickens. Further, we observed that this PIV5 could infect cell lines from various host species including pig, human, monkey, bovine, dog, cat, rabbit, hamster and mouse, which was confirmed with the immunofluorescent assay. To evaluate the distribution of PIV5 in the field, we developed an indirect ELISA (iELISA) for the first time to detect the specific antibodies based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein. A total of 530 porcine serum samples were tested and the PIV5‐positive rate was 75.7%. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the full characterization of PIV5 strain isolated from a diarrheic piglet. The ability of this PIV5 strain to infect a wide range of mammalian cell types indicates that PIV5 can transmit across different species, providing a remarkable insight into potential zoonosis. The virus strain and iELISA developed in this study can be used to investigate the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and zoonotic potential of PIV5.

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Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Isolation, identification and pathogenic characteristics of tick‐derived parainfluenza virus 5 in northeast China

Isolation, identification and pathogenic characteristics of tick‐derived parainfluenza virus 5 in northeast China

An Improved Duplex Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assay with a Canine Endogenous Internal Positive Control for More Sensitive and Reliable Detection of Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5

Characterization of parainfluenza virus 5 from diarrheic piglet highlights its zoonotic potential

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