Identification and Characterization of thecps Locus of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2: the Capsule Protects against Phagocytosis and Is an Important Virulence Factor

Smith, Hilde E.; Damman, Marloes; Velde, Joeke van der; Wagenaar, F.; Wisselink, Henk J.; Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert; Smits, M.A.

doi:10.1128/.67.4.1750-1756.1999

Cited by 90 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Wzg and Wzz proteins were predicted to play an important role in the synthesis regulation and the chain length determination of CPS in the S. suis serotype 2. Isogenic mutants in wzg gene cannot produce CPS (Smith et al ., , b, c). The exact function of Wze and Wzd in S. suis is unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each serotype has a structurally distinct capsular polysaccharide (CPS), composed of repeating oligosaccharide units joined by glycosidic linkages. The expression of the capsule is strongly associated with the ability of S. suis to cause invasive disease (Smith et al ., ). The S. suis serotype 2 strains without CPS proved to be avirulent in murine and pig models of infection (Charland et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The cps locus of S. suis serotype 2 was certified to be closely linked on the chromosome (Smith et al ., ). With the exception of the entire cps locus sequence of serotype 2, only partial sequences of cps locus in serotypes 1, 7 and 9, and the entire serotype 16 cps locus are available (Smith et al ., , b, c; Wang et al ., ); those of all the other serotypes remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analysis of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus in 15 Streptococcus suis serotypes

Wang

Fan

Cai

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiol Lett

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The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis locus of 13 Streptococcus suis serotypes (serotype 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 23, 25 and 1/2) was sequenced and compared with that of serotype 2 and 16. The CPS synthesis locus of these 15 serotypes falls into two genetic groups. The locus is located on the chromosome between orfZ and aroA. All the translated proteins in the CPS synthesis locus were clustered into 127 homology groups using the tribemcl algorithm. The general organization of the locus suggested that the CPS of S. suis could be synthesized by the Wzy-dependent pathway. The capsule of serotypes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 19 and 23 was predicted to be amino-polysaccharide. Sialic acid was predicted to be present in the capsule of serotypes 1, 2, 14, 16 and 1/2. The characteristics of the CPS synthesis locus suggest that some genes may have been imported into S. suis (or their ancestors) on multiple occasions from different and unknown sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic analysis of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus in 15 Streptococcus suis serotypes

Wang

Fan

Cai

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiol Lett

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“…The virulent SLY-positive S. suis serotype 2 wild-type (WT) strain was kindly provided by H. Smith (Lelystad, NL) [87]. Its isogenic SLY-deficient mutant (∆sly) was constructed by the insertion of an erythromycin cassette in the sly gene [88].…”

Section: Bacterial Strains and Recombinant Suilysin Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Binding, Cellular Cholesterol Content and Resealing Capacity Contribute to Epithelial Cell Damage Induced by Suilysin of Streptococcus suis

Vötsch¹,

Willenborg²,

Oelemann

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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Streptococcus (S.) suis is a major cause of economic losses in the pig industry worldwide and is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. One important virulence-associated factor is suilysin (SLY), a toxin that belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent pore-forming cytolysins (CDC). However, the precise role of SLY in host–pathogen interactions is still unclear. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of different respiratory epithelial cells to SLY, including immortalized cell lines (HEp-2 and NPTr cells), which are frequently used in in vitro studies on S. suis virulence mechanisms, as well as primary porcine respiratory cells, which represent the first line of barrier during S. suis infections. SLY-induced cell damage was determined by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase after infection with a virulent S. suis serotype 2 strain, its isogenic SLY-deficient mutant strain, or treatment with the recombinant protein. HEp-2 cells were most susceptible, whereas primary epithelial cells were hardly affected by the toxin. This prompted us to study possible explanations for these differences. We first investigated the binding capacity of SLY using flow cytometry analysis. Since binding and pore-formation of CDC is dependent on the membrane composition, we also determined the cellular cholesterol content of the different cell types using TLC and HPLC. Finally, we examined the ability of those cells to reseal SLY-induced pores using flow cytometry analysis. Our results indicated that the amount of membrane-bound SLY, the cholesterol content of the cells, as well as their resealing capacity all affect the susceptibility of the different cells regarding the effects of SLY. These findings underline the differences of in vitro pathogenicity models and may further help to dissect the biological role of SLY during S. suis infections.

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“…The following section describes a project designed by one group of students. In this representative example, students selected the putative capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis gene cps2B as the target gene . After successful construction of the gene‐specific knockout vector pUC18‐cps2B, competent cells of S. suis were subjected to electroporation to introduce the plasmid and plated onto selective medium.…”

Section: Student‐designed Projects and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Better understanding of homologous recombination through a 12‐week laboratory course for undergraduates majoring in biotechnology

Shen

Zhao

et al. 2017

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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Homologous recombination, a central concept in biology, is defined as the exchange of DNA strands between two similar or identical nucleotide sequences. Unfortunately, undergraduate students majoring in biotechnology often experience difficulties in understanding the molecular basis of homologous recombination. In this study, we developed and implemented a 12-week laboratory course for biotechnology undergraduates in which gene targeting in Streptococcus suis was used to facilitate their understanding of the basic concept and process of homologous recombination. Students worked in teams of two to select a gene of interest to create a knockout mutant using methods that relied on homologous recombination. By integrating abstract knowledge and practice in the process of scientific research, students gained hands-on experience in molecular biology techniques while learning about the principle and process of homologous recombination. The learning outcomes and survey-based assessment demonstrated that students substantially enhanced their understanding of how homologous recombination could be used to study gene function. Overall, the course was very effective for helping biotechnology undergraduates learn the theory and application of homologous recombination, while also yielding positive effects in developing confidence and scientific skills for future work in research. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):329-335, 2017.

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Identification and Characterization of thecps Locus of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2: the Capsule Protects against Phagocytosis and Is an Important Virulence Factor

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic analysis of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus in 15 Streptococcus suis serotypes

Genetic analysis of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus in 15 Streptococcus suis serotypes

Membrane Binding, Cellular Cholesterol Content and Resealing Capacity Contribute to Epithelial Cell Damage Induced by Suilysin of Streptococcus suis

Better understanding of homologous recombination through a 12‐week laboratory course for undergraduates majoring in biotechnology

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