Identification and characterization of two new obsidian sub-sources in the Nemrut volcano (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey): The Sıcaksu and Kayacık obsidian

Diversity in obsidian use in the prehistoric and early historic Middle East

“…Göllüdağ (Binder et al, 2011) and Nemrut Dağ (Robin et al, 2016) and elsewhere needs to be continued and developed alongside comprehensive documentation of the archaeological use of the obsidian from these sources. However, most sources remain less well known, and this particularly impacts our understanding of the more rarely used sources.…”

“…Our knowledge of specific source areas is still quite variable. Recent geological and geophysical surveys of Göllüdag (Binder et al, 2011), Nemrut Dağ (Robin et al, 2015;Robin et al, 2016), north-east Anatolia (Chataigner andGratuze 2014a, 2014b; see http://geobs.univ-rouen.fr/; Akköprü et al, 2017), Meydan Dağ and elsewhere by the McMaster Obsidian Procurement Expedition (see https://maxlab.mcmaster.ca/research-projects/mcmaster-obsidian-procurement-expedition-mope), as well as Biagi and Gratuze's survey of Paravani /Chikiani in Georgia (Biagi and Gratuze, 2016), demonstrate that the physical availability of obsidian as well as its elemental composition is often considerably more complicated than initially appreciated (cf., Shackley, 2008;Poupeau et al, 2005;Binder et al, 2011;Robin et al, 2016). In many cases, it is clear that the locations from which people obtained obsidian in the past were the geological outcrops themselves, as the quarry workshops at the Göllüdağ source indicate (Binder et al, 2011), but in other cases obsidian was probably mainly obtained from secondary sources such as river beds.…”

“…Most significantly, the important sources Bingöl A and Nemrut Dağ were often not distinguishable in the past. Even now, although they can usually be distinguished (e.g., Frahm, 2012;Orange et al, 2013;Carter et al, 2013;Robin et al, 2016), there are individual artefacts that remain ambiguous. Yet other source areas have complex eruptive histories making precise separation of sub-sources difficult (e.g., Gratuze, 1987;Cauvin et al, 1991;Biagi and Gratuze, 2016).…”

Extending the scale of obsidian studies: Towards a high‐resolution investigation of obsidian prehistoric circulation patterns in the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran

“…Confusion also arises from difficulties in the characterization of the sources, in both the Caucasus and the neighbouring regions. Geological studies are still underway: New outcrops have been identified only recently (e.g., Frahm et al 2017;Orange et al 2020), while others have been redefined (Chataigner et al 2014;Robin et al 2016). In particular, the numerous sources of eastern Anatolia present a high degree of complexity requiring further investigation.…”

Doğu Anadolu’daki Obsidiyen Kaynak Alanlarının Belirlenmesinde Jeomorfolojik ve Volkanolojik Göstergelerin Önemi

“…1996, Poidevin 1998 ve jeokimyasal analizleri Renfrew vd. (1996) ve Gratuze (1998) Robin et al (2016).…”