Identification and classification of S haplotypes in radish (Raphanus sativus)

Abstract

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a typical cross‐pollinated crop that exhibits obvious heterosis. Self‐incompatibility is an important character for F1 hybrid breeding of radish. Knowledge of the S haplotypes of breeding lines is very important for breeders to avoid cross‐incompatibility of the parental lines. In the present study, the S haplotypes of 63 radish inbred lines, which were independently cultivated by our research group, were identified by PCR amplification, sequencing and BLAST analyses of the SRK and SLG genes. Finally, fifty‐four inbred lines were classified into 15 class I S haplotypes, including three new types, RsS‐38, RsS‐39 and RsS‐40. Additionally, three class II S haplotypes were identified in nine radish inbred lines. Partial SRK or SLG sequences were completed, such as RsS‐11 Lim (SRK‐S), RsS‐26 (SRK‐K), RsS‐5 Lim (SRK‐K and SRK‐S) and RsS‐9 (SRK‐K). The identified S haplotypes were verified with a cross‐pollination test, and RsS‐9 has weaker self‐incompatibility than other S haplotypes. These information will not only contribute to the production of hybrid seeds but also to the development of new self‐compatible inbred lines, which were advantageous of the production of maintain line and male line in CMS breeding system.

Hexakis(urea-O)iron Complex Salts as a Versatile Material Family: Overview of Their Properties and Applications

“…Compound 1 was added as a high-utilization-rate fertilizer specialized for wheat as a trace element additive, which simultaneously increased the soil’s water-keeping ability, quality, and fertility as well. − Compound 1 was used as nitrogen and trace element fertilizer for fruits like peaches, − grapes, and strawberries − and as a slow-releasing fertilizer for grapefruit . Similarly, compound 1 is a slow-release trace element root fertilizer additive for tomato, radish, eggplant, cauliflower, lettuce, and chili. − In the case of tea and stevia rebaudiana, the well-grown and high-yield leaves are essential, and due to the long life cycle compound 1 as a slow-release fertilizer had good results. , …”

“… 111 − 115 Compound 1 was used as nitrogen and trace element fertilizer for fruits like peaches, 116 − 118 grapes, and strawberries 119 − 121 and as a slow-releasing fertilizer for grapefruit. 122 Similarly, compound 1 is a slow-release trace element root fertilizer additive for tomato, 123 radish, 124 eggplant, 125 cauliflower, 126 lettuce, 127 and chili. 128 − 130 In the case of tea and stevia rebaudiana, the well-grown and high-yield leaves are essential, and due to the long life cycle compound 1 as a slow-release fertilizer had good results.…”

An Update on Radish Breeding Strategies: An Overview

“…So far, massive amounts of S-alleles have been discovered [79,80]. A significant number of S-haplotypes in Brassica oleracea, B. rapa, and R. sativus have been discovered using a variety of techniques, including pollination tests, electrophoretic analysis of stigmatic proteins, DNA polymorphism in SLGs or SRKs, and determination of SLG, SRK, and SCR sequences [51,[81][82][83]. The SI technique has the benefit of enabling two parental lines to be homozygous for independent S alleles, allowing F 1 hybrid seed to be produced.…”

Development of S Haplotype-Specific Markers to Identify Genotypes of Self-Incompatibility in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

“…The utilization of the SI system has increased the efficiency of cross-combinations, shortening breeding time and facilitating the development of novel F 1 varieties [ 23 ]. However, if parents share the same S haplotype and exhibit cross-incompatibility, it is difficult to produce a large scale of F 1 hybrid seeds [ 24 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to select cross-combinations by early excluding radish breeding lines that exhibit the same S haplotype through the rapid and accurate identification of radish S haplotypes in the F 1 hybrid breeding process.…”

“…Recently, the amplification of S locus genes using a universal primer set for class I and II S haplotypes, followed by Sanger sequencing to determine the nucleotide sequence, has become a common method. Subsequently, S haplotype determination involves comparing the obtained sequence with those already deposited in NCBI databases for similarity [ 23 , 24 ]. Even so, the use of gene nucleotide sequences and BLAST search requires the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of all parental lines, making it highly inefficient and unsuitable for large-scale S haplotype identification [ 23 ].…”