Identification and Comparison of piRNA Expression Profiles of Exosomes Derived from Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Wang, Aochen; Liu, Jie; XueYing, Zhuang; Yu, Si; Zhu, Shu; Liu, Yao; Xu, Changwu

doi:10.1089/scd.2019.0277

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Identification. SCAP-Exo were isolated according to previous protocols [17,18]. For exosome isolation, a conventional culture medium was replaced with a serum-free medium when cells reached 60-80% confluence, and SCAP were cultured for an additional 48 h. Then, the supernatant was centrifuged sequentially at 4°C 3,000 × g for 20 min, 20,000 × g for 30 min, and 120,000 × g for 2 h. Finally, the exosome pellets were resuspended in 200 μL of PBS.…”

Section: Scap-exo Isolation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Promote Dentine-Pulp Complex Regeneration by Inducing Specific Dentinogenesis

XueYing

Jiang

et al. 2020

Stem Cells International

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Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a new option for the treatment of dental pulp or periapical diseases in permanent teeth with open apices. Histologically, the new tissues formed in the root canal after REPs are mainly cementum- or bone-like mineralised tissues, but not the real dentine-pulp complex. Therefore, how to promote dentine-pulp complex regeneration and improve the clinical effects of REPs has become a prominent research topic. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) are derived from the dental papilla that can differentiate into primary odontoblasts and dental pulp cells that produce root dentine and dental pulp. Exosomes are the key regulator for the paracrine activity of stem cells and can influence the function of recipient cells. In this study, SCAP-derived exosomes (SCAP-Exo) were introduced into the root fragment containing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and transplanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We observed that dental pulp-like tissues were present and the newly formed dentine was deposited onto the existing dentine in the root canal. Afterwards, the effects of SCAP-Exo on the dentinogenesis of BMMSCs were elucidated in vitro. We found that the gene and protein expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein and mineralised nodule formation in BMMSCs treated with SCAP-Exo were significantly increased. In summary, SCAP-Exo were endocytosed by BMMSCs and obviously improved their specific dentinogenesis. The use of exosomes derived from dental stem cells could comprise a potential therapeutic approach for dentine-pulp complex regeneration in REPs.

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Section: Scap-exo Isolation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Promote Dentine-Pulp Complex Regeneration by Inducing Specific Dentinogenesis

XueYing

Jiang

et al. 2020

Stem Cells International

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“…Importantly, researchers are investigating the most suitable stem cells for specific applications by analyzing their molecular content and phenotypical behavior. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) of teeth were compared in terms of their piRNAs exosomal cargo content in order to highlight the potential signaling pathways modulated by the secreted vesicles [74]. Previous studies have shown that the exosomes secreted by MSCs exhibit synonymous functions with the cell itself in terms of regeneration, inhibition of inflammation, immunoregulation and tissue repair [75][76][77].…”

Section: Exosomal Loading Of Rare Rnas In Hematological Malignancies mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hsa-piR-020326, hsa-piR-016735 and hsa-piR-017716 were identified as being highly expressed in SCAP, while hsa-piR-016735 demonstrated high expression in BMMSCs; moreover, 21 miRNAs were identified as being differentially expressed between the exosomes secreted by the two types of cells. Gene enrichment analysis associated the differentially expressed piRNAs with metabolic processes, biological regulation, binding and catalytic activity and cellular processes, all pathways being previously connected with the function of MSCs [74]. The RNA deep sequencing of plasma EVs revealed that indeed the miRNAs are the most abundant RNA species loaded into these vesicles: they constituted 76.20% of mappable reads, followed by piRNA (1.31%), tRNA (1.24%), snRNA (0.18%) and snoRNA (0.01%) [78].…”

Section: Exosomal Loading Of Rare Rnas In Hematological Malignancies mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Malignant Role of Exosomes as Nanocarriers of Rare RNA Species

Zimța

Sigurjónsson

Gulei

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Nowadays, advancements in the oncology sector regarding diagnosis methods allow us to specifically detect an increased number of cancer patients, some of them in incipient stages. However, one of the main issues consists of the invasive character of most of the diagnosis protocols or complex medical procedures associated with it, that impedes part of the patients to undergo routine checkups. Therefore, in order to increase the number of cancer cases diagnosed in incipient stages, other minimally invasive alternatives must be considered. The current review paper presents the value of rare RNA species isolated from circulatory exosomes as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis or even therapeutic intervention. Rare RNAs are most of the time overlooked in current research in favor of the more abundant RNA species like microRNAs. However, their high degree of stability, low variability and, for most of them, conservation across species could shift the interest toward these types of RNAs. Moreover, due to their low abundance, the variation interval in terms of the number of sequences with differential expression between samples from healthy individuals and cancer patients is significantly diminished and probably easier to interpret in a clinical context.

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“…As a type of mesenchymal stem cell isolated from early stage tissues during tooth root development, the piRNA expression profiles of SCAPs-derived exosomes was different from BMSCs, including 15 piRNAs that were upregulated, and 6 piRNAs that were downregulated in SCAPs-Exos [ 41 ]. The target genes of the upregulated piRNAs in SCAPs-Exos compared to BMMSC-Exos were significantly enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which plays an important role in osteogenesis [ 41 ]. However, the specific biological role of piRNAs in osteogenesis, especially the unreported piRNAs (hsa-piR-011273 and hsa-piR-007832), must be further studied.…”

Section: Biological Function Of Exosomes Derived From Oral Tissue Stementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes from oral tissue stem cells: biological effects and applications

et al. 2020

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As natural nanoparticles, exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles that are enclosed by a lipid bilayer and contain various cargos, including miRNA, mRNA, DNA and proteins. Exosomes have rapidly gained attention as a highly promising cell-free therapy. Because the cargo of exosomes changes with the changes in parent cells and status, exosomes from different types of cells may exhibit different biological effects. Considering the particularity of oral tissue stem cells, their exosomes were isolated and used to examine their related biological functions and the possibility of replacing stem cells. A variety of exosomes of oral tissue stem cells were studied, and the results revealed many special biological characteristics of these exosomes and their parent cells, especially immunomodulation, osteogenesis, odontogenesis, neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, wound healing, skin regeneration and vascularization. The oral tissue stem cell exosomes may be loaded with drugs or genes and act as tools for tumor treatment. The relevant results showed that exosomes from oral tissue stem cells were potent therapeutic tools. The present review focuses on the biological function and application of oral tissue stem cell-derived exosomes.

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Identification and Comparison of piRNA Expression Profiles of Exosomes Derived from Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Promote Dentine-Pulp Complex Regeneration by Inducing Specific Dentinogenesis

Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Promote Dentine-Pulp Complex Regeneration by Inducing Specific Dentinogenesis

The Malignant Role of Exosomes as Nanocarriers of Rare RNA Species

Exosomes from oral tissue stem cells: biological effects and applications

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