Identification and determination of fenitrothion photolysis products in water—methanol by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

Photodegradation kinetics of fenitrothion in various aqueous media and its effect on steroid hormones biosynthesis

“…This Xenon lamp has been demonstrated to be equivalent to natural sunlight for conducting aqueous photolysis studies for several pesticide compounds. The wavelength range varies from 300 to 800 nm, which represents radiation very close to natural sunlight (Durand et al, 1991 (Durand et al, 1992). River water was collected from the Kurose River at the Hinotsume site (Derbalah et al, 2003), for which the chemical composition is given in Table 1.…”

“…Compound (1), with a molecular weight of 277, was identified as fenitrothion, with an OH loss at m/z value of 260 and the characteristic ions of the phosphorothioate moiety at m/z values of 109 and 125 were identified (Greenhalgh and Marshall, 1976;Durand et al, 1992Durand et al, , 1994.…”

“…It gives ions at m/z values of 109, 244, and 261; the characteristic ion of fenitrooxon is 109, with no formation of 125, and no S is present in the molecule. Also, a significant amount of ion with an m/z value of 244 formed, corresponding to the loss of the OH, with a similar explanation as for fenitrothion, and it was chosen as the specific ion of fenitrooxon (Durand et al, 1992;Lacorte and Barcelo, 1994).…”

“…Thus pesticides removal from the aquatic environment has become a high priority (Penuela and Barcelo, 1998). Photolysis is one of the major transformation processes affecting the fate of pesticides in aquatic environments (Durand et al, 1992). Pesticides undergo transformation by indirect photolysis via dissolved matters in various bodies of water.…”

“…Therefore, it becomes necessary to monitor the behavior as well as the presence of fenitrothion and its photoproducts in the environment (Lacorte and Barcelo, 1994). In spite of, the many degradation studies carried out using various types of water examining the photolysis and photocatalytic degradation of fenitrothion (Greenhalgh and Marshall, 1976;Mikami et al, 1985;Durand et al, 1992Durand et al, , 1994Kerzhentsev et al, 1996), the concentrations used in many cases were so high (mg/l level) that the behavior of fenitrothion may not adequately reflect what happens in real environmental situations. Furthermore, the differences in direct versus indirect photolysis using nitrate, known to be natural component of environmental water, have not been studied for fenitrothion.…”