Identification and Distribution of Soluble Saccharides in Pickling Cucumber Plants and their Fate in Fermentation1

Abstract

Leaves of Cucumis sativus L. contained predominantly, non-reducing sugars which included verbascose, stachyose, raffinose and sucrose. Glucose and fructose were also present. The major sugars of fruit were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Stachyose was present in small fruit (5 to 7 g fresh weight), but no soluble galactose-containing saccharides were found in larger fruit. Other plant parts also contained the raffinose saccharides. The identities of these sugars were established by partial enzymatic hydrolysis and paper chromatographic examination of the hydrolytic products. Four species of lactic acid bacteria from cucumber fermentations were able to ferment stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, melibiose, galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Identification and Distribution of Some Carbohydrates of the Muskmelon Plant

“…HortScience 18(5):740-741. 1983. studies with N 0 3 as the only N source (2,3,4 ) . Direct suppression of denitrification with nitrapyrin is evidenced by decreased N2 and N20 evolution (1 ,3 ) and by increased soil N 0 3 (2,4,5), N percentage in plants (2,4,5) , and crop yield (2).…”

“…1983. studies with N 0 3 as the only N source (2,3,4 ) . Direct suppression of denitrification with nitrapyrin is evidenced by decreased N2 and N20 evolution (1 ,3 ) and by increased soil N 0 3 (2,4,5), N percentage in plants (2,4,5) , and crop yield (2). Inhibition of denitri fication under field conditions has been ob tained when nitrapyrin was banded with the N fertilizer (2).…”

“…Later, Hendrix (2), studying the synthesis and trans port of stachyose in nonbearing squash vines, found that it was synthesized in mesophyll cells. Pharr et al, (4) found raffinose and stachyose in the leaves, petioles, stem and pedicels, and young fruit of the cucumber, Cucumis sativis; developing fruit contained no oligosaccharides other than sucrose.…”

Hexose transporters CsHT3/16 involved in post-phloem transport and affected cucumber fruit development

“…Although RFOs are the main assimilate form in the phloem, RFOs in cucumber fruits are only present at low levels, while sucrose and hexoses represent major sugars in the peduncles and fruit tissues. Latter finding leads to the conclusion that sucrose and hexose, rather than stachyose or raffinose, are translocated into the cucumber fruit (Gross & Pharr, 1982;Handley et al, 1983;Hu et al, 2009;Pharr et al, 1977), making the hydrolyzation of RFOs into sucrose and galactose by αgalactosidase mandatory prior to sugar unloading into the fruit (Dai et al, 2006).Sucrose released from latter process is possibly directly transported, or converted to glucose and fructose by cell-wall invertase prior to import into parenchymal cells (Ruan, 2014). The second product of RFOs hydrolyzation is galactose, which is converted to glucose ( Dai et al, 2006( Dai et al, , 2011.…”