Identification and evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Delhi, India

Kumar, Manish; Ramanathan, Alagappan; Rao, M. A.; Kumar, Bhishm

doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0275-4

Cited by 419 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…Cluster 3 also has two sub-clusters, 3a and 3b, which are located in the midstream and downstream regions, respectively. The Ca-SO 4 water type is found in sub-cluster 3b. Cluster distribution shows some correlation with the physiognomy and geology tectonics, which may cause different hydrochemical processes.…”

Section: Hierarchical Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ water temperature and pH were measured by alcohol thermometer and portable pH meter (CT-6023), respectively. Major ions (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and HCO [24]. Among these analyzed indices, Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, HCO 3 − was measured using hydrochloric acid titrimetric method, NH 4 -N and NO 2 -N were determined by spectrophotometry, NO 3 -N, SO 4 2− , Cl − , and F − were measured by ion chromatography, COD was measured by potassium dichromate, and TDS was dried at 180 • C and then weighed using an analytical balance.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study of the hydrogeochemical processes has been an area of interest in the past few decades, as chemical variation of groundwater can reveal the interaction between groundwater and environment and provide a scientific basis for water resource management. Kumar et al [4] have identified that simple dissolution, mixing, weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, ion exchange, and interaction with surface water are the important hydrogeochemical processes that control groundwater quality in Delhi, India. Sonkamble et al [5] have identified that carbonate, dolomite, calcite, and silicate weathering are the predominant hydrogeochemical processes in the proximity basalt area, but silicate weathering is dominant in proximity granite area, both in the Deccan Volcanic Province in India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Chemistry Regulated by Hydrochemical Processes and Geological Structures: A Case Study in Tongchuan, China

Qian

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:Knowledge of hydrochemical processes in groundwater helps to identify the relationship between geochemical processes and groundwater quality as well as to understand the hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater, which is important for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study aims to identify the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the area of Tongchuan City, China. A total of 58 groundwater samples were collected. A hierarchical cluster analysis divided samples into three clusters and six sub-clusters (cluster 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b) according to hydrochemical facies. Graphical plots of multiple ionic ratios, saturation indices, and ion exchange indices were employed to examine hydrochemical processes that result in different hydrochemical facies of each cluster. Results show the predominance of carbonate and silicate weathering in cluster 1, silicate weathering in cluster 2, and carbonate weathering in cluster 3. Ionic exchange is a ubiquitous process among all clusters. The distribution of clusters is related to the regional geology, which may result in different hydrochemical processes. Two stratigraphic sections identify the differences in hydrochemical processes resulting from complex stratum structures and varied aquifer media. Cluster 2a shows an interesting difference in water chemistry along the groundwater flow path. Further study by oxygen and hydrogen isotope indicated that mixing between Quaternary and the Permian aquifers resulting from faulting is the main reason for the distinctive characteristic of cluster 2a.

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Section: Hierarchical Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Chemistry Regulated by Hydrochemical Processes and Geological Structures: A Case Study in Tongchuan, China

Qian

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Sulphate loadings were low for both seasons. Sources of dissolved SO 4 2-in surface water include dissolution of SO 4 minerals, oxidation of pyrite and organic sulphides in natural soil processes, and sulphur-based fertilisers (Hem 1985;Grasby et al 1997;Kumar et al 2006;Nganje et al 2015). Since agricultural activities are practiced on a fairly small scale in this area, the use of sulphur-based fertilisers is not common.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Major Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogeochemical processes help to unravel changes in surface water quality relating to water-rock interaction or anthropogenic impacts (Singh et al 2005;Kumar et al 2006;Franz et al 2014;Nganje et al 2015;Kamtchueng et al 2016). The geochemical properties of surface water also depend on the chemistry of the recharging source as well as the various geochemical processes occurring within the drainage basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Hydrological Inputs of Major Ions and Trace Metal Composition in Streams Draining the Mineralized Lom Basin, East Cameroon: Basis for Environmental Studies

et al. 2017

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Purpose The aim of this study is to assess the seasonal variation in major ion distribution patterns and identify the origin and geochemical behavior of some trace metals of streamwaters bathing the mineralized Lom Basin. Methods Eighty-one water samples were collected during the dry and wet seasons and analyzed for major ions using AAS and 12 trace metals (Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) by ICP-MS. Results All physicochemical parameters besides pH and Cl -varied narrowly between both seasons. No seasonal variability was observed for Cl -given its conservative nature, while NO 3 -levels decreased in the wet period due to the dilution effect. Similarly, SO 4 2-concentrations were low for both seasons reflecting the dissolution of low sulphide minerals associated with gold deposits. In contrast, the concentration of Ca 2? , Mg 2? , Na ? , K ? and HCO 3 -slightly increased during the wet season as they are flushed from the soil layers by rain. Water samples had very low concentrations (\ 1 lg/l) of V, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and significant concentrations of Fe and Mn.Conclusions The seasonal regime of streamwater chemistry is controlled by groundwater supply of major cations and HCO 3 -from chemical weathering, leaching of ions from surface soil layers during precipitation and dilution of nitrate by surface runoff during the wet season. In this tropical basin, low acidity and trace metal loadings revealed lateritic weathering of sulphides, entrapment of trace metals in Fe and Mn oxides and leaching into deep groundwater. Although the streams have not been impacted, these findings may guide policymakers for water chemistry evaluation in Cameroon.

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Arsenic Enrichment in the Groundwater of Diphu, Northeast India: Coupled Application of Major Ion Chemistry, Speciation Modeling, and Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Das

Kumar

2015

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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An integrated evaluation was carried out to predict prevailing processes of arsenic enrichment in the groundwater of Diphu, Assam, through major ion chemistry, speciation modeling, and multivariate statistical technique. Thirty‐eight groundwater samples were collected in 2011 to represent pre‐ and post‐monsoon season. Saturation indices of minerals present in the groundwater were calculated using MINTEQA2 to understand the future perspective of As contamination. Silicate weathering, rock water interaction, and reverse ion exchange are identified as major hydrogeochemical processes governing the groundwater chemistry. It could be shown that the release of carbonic acid due to silicate weathering resulted in an increase of total dissolved solid and increase in pH in the pre‐monsoon. Carbonic acid was further diluted and became alkaline due to monsoon recharge. The Gibbs plot revealed some anthropogenic input for the release of anionic minerals apart from rock–water interaction. Shallow aquifers were found to be more contaminated with As. Oxidative dissolution was identified as one of the major arsenic releasing mechanisms but a strong correlation between As and Fe was not identified. Future scenarios seem to be susceptible for As enrichment as natural equilibrium with As containing minerals is not reached. The study highlights the advantages of coupled application of major ions, multivariate statistical analyses, and associated change in saturation conditions of groundwater for better understanding of the arsenic enrichment processes.

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Identification and evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Delhi, India

Cited by 419 publications

References 19 publications

Groundwater Chemistry Regulated by Hydrochemical Processes and Geological Structures: A Case Study in Tongchuan, China

Groundwater Chemistry Regulated by Hydrochemical Processes and Geological Structures: A Case Study in Tongchuan, China

Seasonal Hydrological Inputs of Major Ions and Trace Metal Composition in Streams Draining the Mineralized Lom Basin, East Cameroon: Basis for Environmental Studies

Arsenic Enrichment in the Groundwater of Diphu, Northeast India: Coupled Application of Major Ion Chemistry, Speciation Modeling, and Multivariate Statistical Techniques

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