Identification and expression analysis of heat‐shock proteins in wheat infected with powdery mildew and stripe rust

Abstract

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs), which are encoded by conserved gene families in plants, are crucial for development and responses to diverse stresses. However, the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) HSPs have not been systematically classified, especially those involved in protecting plants from disease. Here, we classified 119 DnaJ (Hsp40) proteins (TaDnaJs; encoded by 313 genes) and 41 Hsp70 proteins (TaHsp70s; encoded by 95 genes) into six and four groups, respectively, via a phylogenetic analysis. An examination of protein sequence alignment revealed diversity in the TaDnaJ structural organization, but a highly conserved J-domain, which was usually characterized by an HPD motif followed by DRD or DED motifs. The expression profiles of HSP-encoding homologous genes varied in response to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) stress. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated a lack of similarity in the expression of DnaJ70b, Hsp70-30b, and Hsp90-4b in Bgt-infected resistant and susceptible wheat. Furthermore, a direct interaction between DnaJ70 and TaHsp70-30 was not detected in a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, but screening cDNA library and Y2H evidence supported that TaHsp70-30 not only interacts directly with heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) A9-like protein but also interacts with TaHsp90-4 by HSP organizing protein. This study revealed the structure and expression profiles of the HSP-encoding genes in wheat, which may be useful for future functional elucidation of wheat HSPs responses to fungal infections.

The Omics Hunt for Novel Molecular Markers of Resistance to Phytophthora infestans

“…An ortholog of Arabidopsis HSP70-2 (Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein, PGSC0003DMT400078163) was significantly more abundant in the resistant genotype, and its abundance was positively correlated with resistance in the set of all 15 genotypes ( Figure 7 c). HSP70s have previously been found to accumulate in biotic stress response (reviewed in, e.g., [ 38 ]), and orthologs of HSP70-2 were accumulated in response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis [ 39 ], Bemisia tabaci in Capsicum annum [ 40 ], Heterodera glycines in Glycine max [ 41 ], Synchytrium endobioticum in Solanum tuberosum [ 42 ], and Blumeria graminis in Triticum aestivum [ 43 ]. The animal HSP70s play a significant role in the inflammatory and immune responses (see, e.g., [ 44 ]).…”

Wall-associated Receptor Kinase and The Expression Profiles in Wheat Responding to Fungal Stress

“…Additionally, another WAK gene, TaWAK75 (TraesCS5B02G363100.1) was missed in N9134 due to the substitution with a fragment of Wild emmer AS846 so that its’ expression could not be detected using CS reference genome. Considering that the similarity of expression trends of subgenome homologous genes was observed in wheat after fungal infections [41], we examined the expression of TaWAK75 and TaWAK76b in N9134R 1 and N9134S 1 (YF175/7*PmAS846, a YF175 backcross line carrying PmAS846 from N9134 or not).…”

Drought Stress in Cereals – A Review

“…Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a major component of multiple stress responses in plants (Guo et al 2021;Kumar et al 2020). HSPs are controlled by the action of diverse heat shock factors which are activated under stress conditions (Maaroufi & Tanguay 2013; Jacob et al 2017).…”

“…Thereby, chaperones are considered as powerful buffers against protein misfolding during environmental stress (including drought) and consequent genetic variations (Carey et al 2006;Maaroufi & Tanguay 2013). The importance of HSPs is not limited to heat stress management, but these molecules are also involved in other stresses, such as cold, osmoses, drought, salt, UV, high light, oxidative stress, and pathogen infection (Swindell et al 2007;Maaroufi & Tanguay 2013;Di Donato & Geisler 2019;Kumar et al 2020;Guo et al 2021).…”

“…119 DnaJ (HSP40) proteins (TaDnaJs; encoded by 313 genes) and 41 HSP70 proteins (TaHsp70s; encoded by 95 genes) have been identified and classified in wheat into six and four groups, respectively, via a phylogenetic analysis. An examination of protein sequence alignment revealed diversity in the TaDnaJ structural organization, but a highly conserved J-domain characterized by an HPD motif followed by DRD or DED motifs was observed (Guo et al 2021). In the work of Kumar et al (2020) using Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSMs) and by sequence homology 753 TaHSPs including 169 TaSHSP (small HSP), 273 TaHSP40, 95 TaHSP60, 114 TaHSP70, 18 TaHSP90, and 84 TaHSP100 were identified in the wheat genome.…”