Identification and expression of two types of chicken GnRH-II genes in mature hard-lipped barb, Osteochilus hasselti

Abstract

and Swietenia macrophylla were characterized and studied to find out and discover their potential utilization as suitable feedstocks for biofuel (ethanol) production. Characterization was done by evaluation of lignin, holocellulose and cellulose contents of woody biomass including the yield of reducing sugar (saccharification) after pretreated with alkaline (NaOH) at moderate temperature. Among 15 species of tropical forest wood biomass evaluated, our findings showed that M. gigantea was gave the highest yield of saccharified sugar (42.22%, weight of original wood dry basis) and also yield of theoretical ethanol (± 273 L/ton). We also found growth of M. gigantea was very fast to produce approximately 26,119 kg ha-1 dry biomass within 3 years. In general, the tropical wood biomass such as M. gigantea, A. moluccana, G. arborea, A. cadamba, and P. falcataria are suitable and potentially to be used as feedstocks for ethanol production due to their fast growing ability, availability and attractive chemical composition to produce high saccharified sugar and yield of ethanol.

Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analysis of Fast Growing Wood Macaranga Species

“…Native species of Macaranga also occur in southern Asia, Africa, Australia and the South Pacific (Webster, 1994). These woody plants have a fast growth rate and they are usually considered as weeds, but Macaranga plants are a potential biofuel feedstock, because the wood contains high concentrations of lignin and cellulose with a low moisture content (Amirta et al, 2016a).…”

“…Six different species of Macaranga with different lignin and cellulose contents have been used as feedstock for bioethanol production (Amirta et al, 2016a) but not investigated for pyrolysis bio-oil production. The yield and nature of the oil from wood are highly variable, as will be shown in this study, and if the oil potential of closely related wood species is to be surveyed economically, it is necessary to find a method of rapidly and cheaply comparing the yield and quality of the oil from different wood species as a function of important variables such as temperature.…”

“…Jasa Mutu Mineral, Indonesia using the ASTM method. The lignin and α-cellulose (referred to as cellulose below) contents were determined using the TAPPI standard method (Amirta et al, 2016a;Amirta et al, 2016b). Elemental analyses were carried out by PT.…”

Effect of organic manure fertilizer on the growth of Macaranga gigantea

“…Macaranga is known as pioneer plant and commonly found in secondary forest and forest gap in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) (Davies 1998;Slik et al 2008;Susanto et al 2016b;Susanto et al 2017a;Susanto et al 2017b). One species of the genus Macaranga is Macaranga gigantea which is potential as tree species used in land and forest rehabilitation (Suita and Nurhasyibi 2009), and restoration to maximize the outcomes for carbon and biodiversity in East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Budiharta et al 2014) and is profitable to be used as pulp raw material (Mindawati et al 2010) and ethanol source Amirta et al 2016b). Since it is native to Indonesia, the potential development of Macaranga for pulp and biomass plantation is promising as the productivity of exotic tree species for industrial forestry plantation continues to decline (Junaidi 2018).…”

Nutrient distribution on soil and aboveground biomass of Macaranga gigantea five years after planting

“…Macaranga gigantea is tree species that grows naturally in the lowland of tropical rainforest gaps after shifting cultivation (Susanto et al 2016b), forest fires (Silk 2008) and timber harvestings (Susanto et al 2017a). This species also potentially as a bioethanol feedstock (Amirta et al 2016). The plant reproduces by forming flower buds initiated in the dry season and the fruits ripened in the rainy season.…”