Identification and Field Bioassays of the Sex Pheromone of Synanthedon haitangvora

Abstract

Two major components from pheromone gland extracts of Synanthedon haitangvora females were identified as (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (Z3,Z13-18:OAc) and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E2,Z13-18:OAc), and the average ratio of these components was about 1:1. Seven minor components, (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:OAc), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc), (Z)-9-octadecenyl acetate (Z9-18:OAc), (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate (Z13-18:OAc), (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate (E3,Z13-18:OAc), (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol (Z3,Z13-18:OH), and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol (E2,Z13-18:OH), also were identified from gland extracts. Field tests showed that male S. haitangvora were attracted to Z3,Z13-18:OAc alone, but the maximum number of males was attracted to the binary blend of Z3,Z13-18:OAc and E2,Z13-18:OAc mimicking the blend found in female extracts. The addition of minor components to a 1:1 blend of Z3,Z13-18:OAc and E2,Z13-18:OAc did not increase the numbers of moths captured. The only significant effect of minor components was the strong inhibitory effect of adding Z3,Z13-18:OH to the primary binary blend. Increasing doses of the optimum pheromone blend in the lures from 0.1 to 2.0 mg increased trap catches of male S. haitangvora.

Identification and Field Evaluation of the Sex Pheromone of Synanthedon bicingulata (Staudinger)

“…In our previous study on the pheromone of the congeneric S. haitangvora, GC-MS analyses of the DMDS-derivatized extract conducted on a polar DB-Wax column did not show the presence of DMDS adducts (m/z 496) of octadecadienyl acetate derivatives (Yang et al, 2009b). The failure of the previous attempt probably was because the tetrasubstituted linear highboiling derivatives are not eluted on the polar column (Vincenti et al, 1987).…”

“…2, E3,Z13-18:OAc and Z3,Z13-18:OAc were essential for attraction of male S. bicingulata. This result suggests that S. bicingulata males may not be attracted to S. haitangvora females that emit Z3,Z13-18: OAc and E2,Z13-18:OAc as its pheromone (Yang et al, 2009b). In field screening trials for S. tenuis, Tamaki et al (1977) found an antagonistic effect of E3,Z13-18:OAc on male attraction when it was mixed with the major component, Z3,Z13-18:OAc, in a very low ratio.…”

“…However, it is not known whether they are actually released from the female glands during calling. Previous studies with other sesiid species have shown that geometrical isomers or biosynthetic precursors of the major components are present in female pheromone glands, but the biological significance of these components remain unclear (Klun et al, 1990;Francke et al, 2004;Mozûraitis et al, 2006;Yang et al, 2009b). Hence, Z13-18:OAc and E2,Z13-18:OAc may just be by-products of the pheromone biosynthetic pathway, and E3,Z13-18: OH and Z3,Z13-18:OH are presumed to be biosynthetic precursors of the two major components, E3,Z13-18:OAc and Z3,Z13-18:OAc, respectively.…”

“…In Korea, the genus Synanthedon is composed of 12 species (Arita et al 2004), but sex pheromones or attractants have been reported for only three species, S. haitangvora, S. tenuis and S. quercus (Tamaki et al 1977;Yang et al 2009b). As shown in Fig.…”

Identification and field bioassays of the sex pheromone of the yellow-legged clearwing Synanthedon vespiformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

“…The effect of lure loading was significant. The 16 mg lure caught more than twice the number of males than the 1 mg lure, and the latter bait caught more than three times that of 0.2 mg. Yang et al (2009) showed a significant dose response of the recently identified sex pheromone of S. haitangvora in the range of 0.2-2 mg loading. Usually, we would expect an upper limit of pheromone concentration beyond which the attractiveness is expected to decrease (Roelofs 1978).…”