Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere

Wondafrash, Mesfin; Slippers, Bernard; Garnas, Jeffrey R.; Roux, Géraldine; Foit, Jiří; Langor, David W.; Hurley, Brett Phillip

doi:10.1007/s10530-016-1159-5

Cited by 7 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It can be particularly harmful for nurseries, as the adults feed on seedlings (Ollieu, 1971). In addition, it vectors Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker, and Leptographium procerum, the causal agent of procerum root disease (Wondafrash et al, 2016).…”

Section: P Nemorensismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pest survey card on Pissodes cibriani, P. fasciatus, P. nemorensis, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. strobi, P. terminalis, P. yunnanensis and P. zitacuarense

Tramontini¹,

Delbianco²,

Vos³

2020

EFS3

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This pest survey card was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M‐2017‐0137) at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to guide the Member States in preparing data and information for the surveys of the nine Pissodes species regulated in the EU. These are required to design statistically sound and risk‐based pest surveys, in line with current international standards.The nine Pissodes species regulated in the EU as Union quarantine pests are Pissodescibriani, P. fasciatus, P.nemorensis, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. strobi, P. terminalis, P. yunnanensis andP. zitacuarense. All of them are absent from the European Union and attack conifer trees. The high availability of hosts, climatic suitability and ecological plasticity of these weevils make the entire EU territory suitable for their establishment. Detection surveys should mainly focus on the genera Cedrus,Picea,Pinus andPseudotsugawhile in the case of an outbreak, delimiting surveys should includeall coniferous species that can be found in the survey area. The main risk activities relevant for surveillance are the movement of propagation material of Cedrus, Picea, Pinus andPseudotsugaand the import into the EU of host plant material used for decorative purposes (e.g. Christmas trees). Visual examination is more effective for those Pissodes species that attack the healthy leaders of young trees than for species that boreinto the lower portions of the stem and root collar of stressed plants. The efficacy of traps has not been confirmed for all species and when specimens, both larvae and adults, are collected they should undergo molecular identification, whenever possible.

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Section: P Nemorensismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its only known host is of high economic value, being used as Christmas trees (O'Brien, 1989a). (Wondafrash et al, 2016) and, in any case, the likelihood of finding a suitable host is very high in the whole of the EU.…”

Section: P Zitacuarense Pinus Ayacahuitementioning

confidence: 99%

Pest survey card on Pissodes cibriani, P. fasciatus, P. nemorensis, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. strobi, P. terminalis, P. yunnanensis and P. zitacuarense

Tramontini¹,

Delbianco²,

Vos³

2020

EFS3

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“…The association with F. circinatum has also been shown in South Africa, where the beetle has been introduced and causes increasing damage on Pinus radiata plantations, mainly through the destruction of terminal leaders. However, recent molecular studies suggest that this species is not P. nemorensis , but an unrecognised species of the P. strobi complex or a hybrid between P. strobi and P. nemorensis (Wondafrash et al., ). Pissodes fasciatus attacks dead or dying stems of Douglas‐fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii , which in itself is not of economic importance. However, Witcosky et al.…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of non‐EU Pissodes spp.

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the non‐EU Pissodes spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). They constitute a well‐defined taxon, with non‐EU species distributed in the USA, Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, China, Japan, Korea, Russia and South Africa, some of which are recognised as severe pests of conifers, mainly Pinus spp. and Picea spp., or vector pathogens. The immature stages either live in the phloem and cambium of healthy, weakened or dead trees, or in the terminal shoots of living trees. They are listed as quarantine pests in Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. Plants for planting, branches of conifers and non‐squared wood are considered as pathways. The pest can also disperse by hitchhiking, and fly over kilometres. The adults are long‐lived (up to 4 years). They feed by puncturing the bark of stems or shoots. Females lay eggs in chewed‐out cavities in the bark. The life cycle varies with species and local climatic conditions. At the end of the larval stage, the larva excavates a pupal cell between the sapwood and the bark, in the sapwood or in terminal shoots. Pissodes spp. overwinter as adults in the litter or as larvae or teneral adults in the galleries or pupal cells. The current geographic range of the non‐European Pissodes spp. suggests that many of them may establish in the EU territory, where their hosts are widely present. We list some species which, if introduced to the EU, would most probably have an economic impact on plantations or may interfere with forest ecosystem processes although they are mainly abundant and damaging in intensively managed monocultures. All criteria for considering those non‐EU Pissodes spp. as potential quarantine pests are met. The criteria for considering them as non‐regulated quarantine pests are not met because they are absent from the EU territory.

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“…was first detected in South Africa in 1942 and identified as the deodar weevil Pissodes nemorensis Germar, a native to North America (Webb, ; EPPO, ). Recent research, however, has shown that it is not the deodar weevil but rather an unrecognized species of the P. strobi complex of North American origin (Wondafrash et al , ). As with other members of the genus, Pissodes sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on literature and field observations, the woodwasp appears to prefer moderately stressed trees that are alive and standing at the time of attack (Bordeaux & Dean, ; Ryan & Hurley, ). By contrast, the weevil larvae and pupae are primarily found in severely declining or recently dead trees, including downed trees (Gebeyehu & Wingfield, ; Wondafrash et al , ). The degree to which the attack behaviour of S. noctilio provides a breeding habitat that would have otherwise been unavailble to Pissodes sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local antagonism and resource partitioning between two invasive pine plantation pests

Wondafrash

Slippers

Hurley

et al. 2019

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius, native to Eurasia and North Africa, regularly co-occurs with a North American origin Pissodes sp. on Pinus trees in South Africa. The nature of this co-occurrence and potential impacts on either of the species is unknown. 2 Using structured sampling, we investigated the pattern and degree of co-occurrence of S. noctilio and Pissodes sp. in six sites in P. patula plantations in South Africa aiming to better understand the potential for interactions and population-level feedbacks. We compared density, adult body size and within-tree distribution of both insect species in trees where they co-occurred or occurred singly. 3 Sirex noctilio and Pissodes sp. co-occurred on 68.0 ± 3.8% of infested trees (range 55-80%). Both insect species were more abundant in trees where they occurred alone relative to co-inhabited trees. 4 The within-tree distribution of S. noctilio did not differ in the presence of Pissodes sp.;however, in the presence of S. noctilio, Pissodes sp. were more frequent in the bottom than the middle tree section where S. noctilio was at higher density and this could be an indication of resource partitioning. Body size of S. noctilio and Pissodes sp. was not influenced by co-occurrence. 5 The results obtained in the present study suggest a broad overlap for both insects in preference for stressed trees in similar states of decline, as well as moderate antagonism between the species leading to lower emergence of both species in shared trees. The influence of S. noctilio on Pissodes sp. population densities may still be a net positive at a landscape scale because Pissodes sp. prefers declining or recently dead trees that are readily created by S. noctilio via attacks on healthy trees.

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Identification and genetic diversity of two invasive Pissodes spp. Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their introduced range in the southern hemisphere

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Pest survey card on Pissodes cibriani, P. fasciatus, P. nemorensis, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. strobi, P. terminalis, P. yunnanensis and P. zitacuarense

Pest survey card on Pissodes cibriani, P. fasciatus, P. nemorensis, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. strobi, P. terminalis, P. yunnanensis and P. zitacuarense

Pest categorisation of non‐EU Pissodes spp.

Local antagonism and resource partitioning between two invasive pine plantation pests

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