Identification and genetics of resistance to cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora zonata) in faba bean (Vicia faba)

Kimber, R. B. E.; Paull, J. G.

doi:10.1007/s10681-010-0288-7

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Survival of other Cercospora pathogens on crop residues has been reported to range from 1 to 3 years (Latterell and Rossi 1983;Nagel 1938) but the inoculum potential can decrease when residues are buried (Khan et al 2008;McKay and Pool 1918). Therefore, although expansion of the area in southern Australia planted to faba bean over the last three decades and the susceptibility to Cercospora leaf spot of commercial cultivars grown currently (Kimber and Paull 2011) may have contributed to the increased prevalence and severity of Cercospora leaf spot in this region, the persistence of C. zonata-infested crop residues as a result of adoption of minimum tillage and drought conditions also are likely important. Retention of crop residues on the soil surface has been associated previously with an increase in prevalence of disease and inoculum of other Cercospora pathogens (Khan et al 2008;Payne and Waldron 1983;Ringer and Grybauskas 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One line was susceptible ('Farah'; Heritage Seeds Pty. Ltd., Adelaide, Australia) and the other resistant (breeding accession 1322/2) to Cercospora leaf spot (Kimber and Paull 2011). Each trial consisted of 54 plots arranged as nine blocks of six plots (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…such as V. faba, V. narbonensis (narbon bean), and V. sativa (vetch) (Williams 1987). There is evidence that, in the Mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia, Cercospora leaf spot has increased in prevalence and severity in commercial crops since 2004 (Kimber and Paull 2011). The reasons for this increase are not obvious.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The reasons for this increase are not obvious. In the absence of cultivars with resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (Kimber and Paull 2011), disease management is dependent on strategies based on knowledge of pathogen survival, dissemination, and development. However, the epidemiology of Cercospora leaf spot on faba bean has remained poorly understood.…”

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Temporal and Spatial Development of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Faba Bean Influenced by In Situ Inoculum

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The temporal and spatial dynamics of Cercospora leaf spot on susceptible and resistant lines of faba bean grown in or at defined distances from soil with residues infested by Cercospora zonata were examined in South Australia in 2005 and 2006. The disease was first observed on susceptible seedlings 49 days after sowing (DAS) in soil that had been sown with faba bean every 3 years since 1997 (positive soil zone for C. zonata) but was delayed by 1 week in adjacent soil (0 to 16 m away) with no history of cultivation of faba bean (negative soil zone). The incidence of diseased seedlings from 49 to 63 DAS showed a gradient from 4 to 16 m from the infested soil and was significantly greater for susceptible plants grown in the positive versus negative soil zones in field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 (92 versus 30% in 2005, χ21 = 32.2, P < 0.001; 98 versus 55% in 2006, χ21 = 12.1, P < 0.001). The incidence of Cercospora leaf spot on the resistant line 1322/2 was significantly less (χ26 = 171.7; P < 0.001) than on the susceptible line ‘Farah’ at that time in both years, with fewer than 5% of the seedlings showing the disease. However, a gradient was shown at 70 to 84 DAS, where disease incidence was significantly greater on line 1322/2 in the positive soil zone than on plants in the negative soil zone in both years (62 and 18%, respectively, with χ21 = 27.9, P < 0.001 in the 2005 trial; and 47 and 6%, respectively, with χ21 = 33.3, P < 0.001 in the 2006 trial). At peak disease severity on Farah, Cercospora leaf spot mean leaf area diseased (%LAD) was severe (85 ± 4.3%) on leaves of the three nodes closest to the soil surface, and much less severe (1 ± 0.6%) in the upper canopy. Defoliation combined with %LAD was used to describe the loss of photosynthetic leaf area (%LPLA) in both cultivars, on both soil zones, in each year. Nonlinear regression analyses using a logistic model described disease development over time on susceptible plants grown in infested soil (e.g., for +12-m blocks within infested soil, y = 2.66 + 46.08/[1 + exp(−0.23 × [X − 40.92])] in 2005 and y = 0.49 + 5.02/[1 + exp(−0.14 × [X − 28.30])] in 2006, where X = DAS and y = %LPLA, with both regressions significant at P < 0.001), whereas an exponential model (e.g., for −12-m blocks from infested soil, y = 0.23 + 0.77 × 1.04X in 2005 and y = 0.44 + 0.56 × 1.04X in 2006, both at P < 0.001) best described disease gradients with increasing distance from the inoculum source. Paired t tests of %LPLA at 77 and 98 DAS showed significant differences in disease severity in the positive versus negative soil zones and a steep gradient in %LPLA from 0 to 4 m from the inoculum source. The role of infested faba bean residue in survival of C. zonata over time was also examined using a pot-bioassay and in situ field assay. When residues were removed from the soil surface or depleted rapidly by animal grazing, the amount of C. zonata inoculum in the soil was significantly less (P < 0.001) than for soil with residue remaining on the soil surface. C. zonata survived in soil and remained infective for at least 30 months after harvest of an infected faba bean crop.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

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Temporal and Spatial Development of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Faba Bean Influenced by In Situ Inoculum

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“…The symptoms of CLS, redbrown to dark-grey leaf spots, are often confused with AB or CS, and incorrect diagnosis has affected disease management decisions such as ineffective use of fungicides (Kimber et al 2007a;Kimber and Paull 2010). Like AB, CLS develops early in the season during wet, cold conditions but is confined to leaves.…”

Section: Faba Bean Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in winter pulse pathology research in Australia

Salam¹,

Davidson

Thomas³

et al. 2011

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Pulse crops in Australian broad-acre agriculture are a relatively small but essential component of presentday farming systems. Winter pulses, particularly the five accounted for in this review, dominate pulse area and production in this country. The Australian pulse industry has experienced devastating epidemics of diseases such as lupin anthracnose and chickpea ascochyta blight. In addition, many other diseases have appeared regionally. Research on various aspects was directed towards managing these diseases in individual regions, states and nationally. This review addresses advances in pathology related to bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in lupins, chickpeas, field peas, lentils and faba beans. In addition to fundamental epidemiological and disease control studies, this paper includes molecular studies and quantitative epidemiology leading to disease modelling and disease forecasting. It also highlights the efforts undertaken recently by pulse pathologists in Australia to strengthen collaborative research nation-wide.

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