Identification and genotyping of hepatitis B virus by PCR assay using genotype specific primers

Rashid, Peshnyar M.A.; Salih, Gaza F.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.028

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mixed genotype infection was shown to dominate over single genotype infection with 82.6% (114/165) as against the latter with 17.4% (24/165). This agrees with the findings in Iraq, [33] where they documented all 4 HBV-DNA-positive samples to have mixed genotype infections with 75% (3/4) harbouring 4 different genotypes and 25% (1/4) harbouring 3. It is also in agreement with the findings in Iraq, [16] where they identified mixed genotype infection in all the samples, recording not a single sample with single genotype infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pattern of prevalent Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria

Ahmad

Bakari

Musa

et al. 2019

Niger Postgrad Med J

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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hyperendemic in Nigeria. Available literature reveal genotype E as being predominant in West Africa. This study aimed at identifying the current pattern and prevalent genotypes of HBV in Zaria, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Four millilitre of blood was collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-container from each of 165 HBV surface antigen-positive participants recruited purposively from the gastroenterology clinic from May to August, 2017. Plasma was separated and frozen at −20°C till analysis. Multiplex-nested polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers was used to identify the various HBV genotypes. Results: Median (and interquartile range ) age of the participants was 31.0 (25.5–39.0) years, with males constituting 107 (64.8%). Majority (83.6%) of the samples analysed were HBV-DNA-positive with 82.6% of the HBV-DNA-positive samples being mixed genotype infections. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, five HBV genotypes were identified with HBV/E (97.1%) being the most predominant, followed by HBV/B (82.6%), HBV/A (24.6%), then HBV/C (17.4%), while HBV/D (0.7%) was the least prevalent. Conclusion: In most (99.1%) of the mixed-infection were a combination of genotype E, the predominant genotype, with other genotypes predominantly genotype B. HBV genotypes E, B, A, C and D are the prevalent genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria, as they occur in single genotype and in mixed-genotypes pattern.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pattern of prevalent Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria

Ahmad

Bakari

Musa

et al. 2019

Niger Postgrad Med J

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“…Unexpected results were obtained in this study, that no single genotype was determined and that 77.7% of the patients had mixed infection with 5 genotypes out of 6 detected in this study. This study's results were consistent with those reported from Sulaimania in Iraq [30] using the same method, where they found 100% of samples (4 HBV patients) had mixed genotypes (one with B+C+D and three with A+B+C+D genotypes). Whereas, in Baghdad Ahmed [31] found that genotype D (80%) was the predominant among CHB patients and mixed genotypes D+F (20%) were relatively less prevalent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Other possibility of the presence of mixed genotypes was recombination between genotypes as explained by Chen et al [42] but this possibility was not investigated here. Other Iraqi researchers [30] in Northern Iraq explained that the high prevalence of mixed infections in their study may be due to "the migration of a large number of Kurdish people as refugee to Europe and America and remaining in the refugee camps for long periods, in which communication with people of different countries might cause transmission of infection with different genotypes. In addition, low level of education about the way of disease transmission in kurdistan, negligence of sterilization in the dental clinics and negligence of using disposable materials in makeup and hairdresser salons may be other predisposing factors to HBV infection in our community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq

Al-Suraifi¹,

Al-Rubaie²,

Al-Mayahie³

et al. 2016

IJBECS

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause to liver disease, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. About 1 million people die from HBV each year, which equates to about 2 HBV related deaths each minute. Depending on the virus sequence homogeneity as a minimum 10 genotypes (A to J) and numerous subgenotypes have been identified. Hepatitis B virus variants may be differ in their virulence, models of serologic reactivity, pathogenicity, response to treatment and global distribution. This study was carried out to detect HBV genotypes among Iraqi hepatitis type B patients in Wasit Province/ Iraq using nested PCR protocol. A total of 105 outpatients (65 males and 40 females, aged 1-95 years) clinically suspected as having viral hepatitis were included in this study. All the patients' sera (105 samples) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA screen test. Whereas 72 (60.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of these samples were positive and negative for HBV DNA, respectively, by first PCR. Survey of DNA positive samples for HBV genotypes by nested PCR (second PCR) demonstrated a unique results that no single genotype was found and all of these samples had mixed genotypes of which the pattern A+B+C+D+E was the most common (77.7%), followed by A+B+D+E (16.66%), A+B+C (2.77%), A+B+E (1.38%), and A+D+E (1.38%), whereas genotype F was not found in any patient. Statistically, there was non-significant difference in distribution of genotypes among males and females. The presence of mixed infection with about 5 HBV genotypes among most of our patients lead us to conclude that these patients are incurred to different sources of infection at different times and this required an epidemiological evaluation of HBV infection among our patients not only in Wasit Province but also all over Iraq to control this abnormal acquisition of these genotypes by Iraqi people.

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“…Our nding of single-genotype predominance also agrees with a study in Egypt using INNO-LiPA, which reported that 87% of patients harboured singlegenotype infection, most commonly genotype D [25]. However, these ndings contrast with those from Iraq and Nigeria, in which mixed-genotype infections were documented in 75 and 82.6% of patients, respectively [19,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes Among Patients with Liver Disease in Eritrea

Hamida¹,

Raja²,

Petros³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne hepatotrophic virus and a major causative agent of liver disease. The virus is highly endemic in African countries, and five genotypes (A–E) have been identified. This study aimed to establish the most prevalent genotypes of HBV among liver disease patients from different geographical regions of Eritrea, an East African multi-ethnic country.MethodsThis study included 293 Eritrean liver disease patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based serological screening and multiplex-nested PCR using type-specific primer-based genotyping were performed to determine the prevalence of genotypes in the Eritrean population.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) age was 41.66 ± 13.84 years; 213 (72.7%) patients were males and 80 (27.3%) were females. The median (interquartile range) of HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels were 3.47 (1.66) log IU/ml and 28 (15.3) IU/L, respectively. All patients’ sera were HBsAg- and anti-HBc-total positive; 20 (6.8%) were HBeAg-positive/anti-HBe-negative, 242 (82.6%) were HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe-positive, and 31 (10.6%) had neither HBeAg nor anti-HBe according to the ELISA screening test. Of the 293 patients, only 122 (41.6%) were positive for HBV DNA, 57.38% had a single genotype, and 42.62% had a mixed HBV genotype infection. Irrespective of mode of occurrence, HBV genotype D (n = 26; 21.3%) was the predominant circulating genotype, followed by genotypes C (n = 21; 17.2%), E (n = 19; 15.6%), C/D (n = 16; 13.1%), and C/E (n = 13; 10.7%). Genotypes C/D/E (n = 9; 7.4%), A/D (n = 6; 4.9%), D/E (n = 5; 4.1%), A (n = 3; 2.5%), and B, A/E, B/E, and A/D/C (each with n = 1; 0.8%) were also present.ConclusionHBV in Eritrea is comprised of a mixture of genotypes A, B, C, D, and E separately or in combinations. Our findings demonstrated that in Eritrea, the most prevalent HBV genotype in Eritrea is genotype D among theliver disease patients with higher HBeAg positivity. This is the first study of HBV genotyping based on PCR methods in Eritrea.

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Identification and genotyping of hepatitis B virus by PCR assay using genotype specific primers

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Pattern of prevalent Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria

Pattern of prevalent Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Zaria, Nigeria

Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes Among Patients with Liver Disease in Eritrea

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