Identification and infection mechanism of Tetrahymena vorax affecting the goldfish Carassius auratus

Li, Wenyu; Warren, Alan; Zhang, Shuixian; Pan, Mengmeng; Xiao, Xin; Dong, Zhongdian; Liang, Jiale; Chen, Ying; Pan, Xuming

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736643

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Stichopus japonicus , Scophthalmus maximus and Brachyura ) and does not have a wider range of hosts (e.g. slugs, chick embryos, dragonflies, helgramites, roaches, cockroaches and caterpillars) (Li et al ., 2021 ). In addition to this, scuticociliates mainly affects marine fish and P. apodigitiformis affects freshwater fish (Lom and Dyková, 1992 ; Thilakaratne et al ., 2003 ; Imai et al ., 2009 ; Harikrishnan et al ., 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Philaster apodigitiformis in aquaculture and functional characterization of its β-PKA gene and expression analysis of infected Poecilia reticulata

Zhou,

Liu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Parasitology

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a distinctive member of the serine–threonine protein AGC kinase family and an effective kinase for cAMP signal transduction. In recent years, scuticociliate has caused a lot of losses in domestic fishery farming, therefore, we have carried out morphological and molecular biological studies. In this study, diseased guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were collected from an ornamental fish market, and scuticociliate Philaster apodigitiformis Miao et al., 2009 was isolated. In our prior transcriptome sequencing research, we discovered significant expression of the β-PKA gene in P. apodigitiformis during its infection process, leading us to speculate its involvement in pathogenesis. A complete sequence of the β-PKA gene was cloned, and quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyse or to evaluate the functional characteristics of the β-PKA gene. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit rRNA sequence, infection experiments and haematoxylin–eosin staining method were also carried out, in order to study the pathological characteristics and infection mechanism of scuticociliate. The present results showed that: (1) our results revealed that β-PKA is a crucial gene involved in P. apodigitiformis infection in guppies, and the findings provide valuable insights for future studies on scuticociliatosis; (2) we characterized a complete gene, β-PKA, that is generally expressed in parasitic organisms during infection stage and (3) the present study indicates that PKA plays a critical role in scuticociliate when infection occurs by controlling essential steps such as cell growth, development and regulating the activity of the sensory body structures and the irritability system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Philaster apodigitiformis in aquaculture and functional characterization of its β-PKA gene and expression analysis of infected Poecilia reticulata

Zhou,

Liu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Parasitology

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“…Samples were then transferred to a gradient of ethanol solution with xylene, wrapped in para n and cut into 7-µm thick slices. Dried sections were stained with H&E for staining the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively (Li et al 2021). Finally, tissue sections were dehydrated in a gradient of ethanol solution with xylene, and examined under an optical microscope.…”

Section: Histopathological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) belongs to the order Cyprinodontiformes, family Poecilidae, and is among the most popular tropical ornamental sh species (Chettri et al 2009). Guppy seems to be particularly susceptible to infection by protozoa within the genus Tetrahymena (Pimenta et al 2005;Sharon et al 2014; Li et al 2021), which are the causative agents of tetrahymenosis, a disease that can occur in various aquatic animals, including sh, amphibians, and crustaceans, and which leads to considerable losses to aquaculture (Ferguson et al 1987;Herbert and Graham 2008;Wang et al 2021;Pan et al 2022). Species within the genus Tetrahymena mostly have a pear-like shape and strong phagocytic ability (Astrofsky et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and expression analysis of beta-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena pyriformis following infection of the guppy

Jiang,

Zhou,

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tetrahymenosis is caused by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena and is responsible for serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. However, information regarding the molecular mechanism leading to tetrahymenosis is limited. In previous transcriptome sequencing work, it was found that β-tubulin gene was significantly expressed in T. pyriformis during its infected fish, we speculated that β-tubulin involved in Tetrahymena piriformis infecting fish. Herein, the potential biological function of the β-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena species when establishing infection in guppies was investigated by cloning the full-length cDNA of T. pyriformis β-tubulin gene (TUBB). The full-length cDNA of TUBB was 1873 bp, and the ORF occupied 1134 bp, whereas 5' UTR 434 bp, and 3' UTR 305 bp whose poly (A) tail contained 12 bases. The predicted protein encoded by TUBB had a calculated molecular weight of 42.26 kDa and pI of 4.48. Moreover, secondary structure analysis and tertiary structure prediction of TUBB protein were also conducted. In addition, morphology, infraciliature, phylogeny, and histopathology of T. pyriformis isolated from guppies from a fish market in Harbin were also investigated. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis and experimental infection assays indicated that the expression of TUBB resulted in efficient cell proliferation during infection. Collectively, our data revealed that TUBB is a key gene involved in T. pyriformis infection in guppies, and the findings discussed herein provide valuable insights for future studies on tetrahymenosis.

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“…Traditionally, species identification of Tetrahymena is by morphology; however, it has limitations for the non‐expert since it relies on silver staining methods, which require experience and skill (Corliss, 1960 ). Although most investigations have focused on the identification, pathological features, and infection mechanisms of parasitic Tetrahymena (Lawhavinit et al, 2002 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Pan et al, 2022 ), few studies have explored the phylogeny of facultative parasitic or parasitic ciliates. Under‐sampling still continues to cloud the picture for phylogenetic studies based on multi‐gene sequences of facultative parasitic or parasitic Tetrahymena (Lawhavinit et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further insights into the phylogeny of facultative parasitic ciliates associated with tetrahymenosis (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on multigene data

Liu,

Jiang,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Tetrahymenosis, caused by about 10 Tetrahymena species, is an emerging problem inflicting a significant economic loss on the aquaculture industry worldwide. However, in the order Tetrahymenida, there are many unresolved evolutionary relationships among taxa. Here we report 21 new sequences, including SSU‐rRNA, ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 rRNA and LSU‐rRNA, genes of 10 facultative parasitic Tetrahymena associated with tetrahymenosis, and conduct phylogenetic analyses based on each individual gene and a three‐gene concatenated dataset. The main findings are: (1) All the parasitic and facultative parasitic species cluster in borealis group. (2) With the addition of new sequences, Tetrahymena is still divided into three groups, namely the “borealis group”, the “australis group,” and the “paravorax group.” (3) the cluster pattern of all the newly sequenced facultative parasitic Tetrahymena species shows that members of the “borealis” group may be more susceptible to parasitism. (4) phylogeny based on concatenated genes show that T. pyriformis, T. setosa, and T. leucophrys have close relationship.

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Identification and infection mechanism of Tetrahymena vorax affecting the goldfish Carassius auratus

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Identification of Philaster apodigitiformis in aquaculture and functional characterization of its β-PKA gene and expression analysis of infected Poecilia reticulata

Identification of Philaster apodigitiformis in aquaculture and functional characterization of its β-PKA gene and expression analysis of infected Poecilia reticulata

Cloning and expression analysis of beta-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena pyriformis following infection of the guppy

Further insights into the phylogeny of facultative parasitic ciliates associated with tetrahymenosis (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on multigene data

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