Identification and mapping of AFLP markers linked to peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) resistance to the aphid vector of groundnut rosette disease

Abstract

Groundnut rosette disease is the most destructive viral disease of peanut in Africa and can cause serious yield losses under favourable conditions. The development of disease-resistant cultivars is the most effective control strategy. Resistance to the aphid vector, Aphis craccivora, was identified in the breeding line ICG 12991 and is controlled by a single recessive gene. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis were employed to identify DNA markers linked to aphid resistance and for the development of a partial genetic linkage map. A F(2:3) population was developed from a cross using the aphid-resistant parent ICG 12991. Genotyping was carried out in the F2 generation and phenotyping in the F3 generation. Results were used to assign individual F2 lines as homozygous-resistant, homozygous-susceptible or segregating. A total of 308 AFLP (20 EcoRI+3/MseI+3, 144 MluI+3/MseI+3 and 144 PstI+3/MseI+3) primer combinations were used to identify markers associated with aphid resistance in the F(2:3) population. Twenty putative markers were identified, of which 12 mapped to five linkage groups covering a map distance of 139.4 cM. A single recessive gene was mapped on linkage group 1, 3.9 cM from a marker originating from the susceptible parent, that explained 76.1% of the phenotypic variation for aphid resistance. This study represents the first report on the identification of molecular markers closely linked to aphid resistance to groundnut rosette disease and the construction of the first partial genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut.

Mapping soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567598B

“…This finding is consistent with the conclusion of Mensah et al (2008), who conducted a genetic study and suggested a two-gene model for the aphid resistance in PI 567598B. Other than soybeans, single recessive genes controlling aphid resistance have been previously reported for wheat (Nkongolo et al 1991), peanut (Herselman et al 2004), and corn (So et al b QTL peak position is expressed in cM c Markers flanking the peak position or the marker at the peak position d Using the same LOD thresholds as in the composite interval mapping method (Table 3) e R 2 , percentage of phenotypic variation explained by a QTL f Additive effect: the negative value implies that the IA2070 allele increases the phenotypic value g Additive effect: the positive value implies that the PI 567598B allele decreases the phenotypic value …”

“…), eight independent dominant genes each confer resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) from different resistance sources (Liu et al 2005), while one recessive gene contributes to the resistance in Triticum tauschii line SQ24 (Nkongolo et al 1991). A single recessive gene was also found to control resistance to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) (So et al 2010) and the groundnut rosette disease vector, Aphis craccivora, infesting peanut (Herselman et al 2004).…”

Identification of QTLs for pod and kernel traits in cultivated peanut by bulked segregant analysis

“…Markers for resistance to root-knot nematode (Garcia et al 1995;Burow et al 1996;Choi et al 1999), late leaf spot (Stalker and Mozingo, 2001;Mondal et al 2005;Mace et al 2006), the aphid vector causing groundnut rosette disease (Herselman et al 2004), seed infection by Aspergillus flavus (Yong et al 2005) and early leaf spot (Burow et al 2008) have been indentified. However, no markers have been identified for pod-and kernel-related traits.…”

Recent Advances in Molecular Genetic Linkage Maps of Cultivated Peanut

“…A greater level of polymorphism was discovered among wild species as compared to cultivated peanut (Lanham et al, 1994) suggesting domestication was a bottleneck. Advances in other marker types, such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Halward and Stalker, 1991;Halward et al, 1992), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (Halward and Stalker, 1991;Kochert et al, 1996;Burow et al, 2009), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) (Herselman et al, 2004), simple sequence repeat (SSR) (He et al, 2003;Gimenes et al, 2007;Cuc et al, 2008;Liang et al, 2009), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) , single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) (Nagy et al, 2010), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (Nagy et al, 2012), soon replaced the early exploration with proteins. During the past two decades, much effort has been made to develop genetic and genomic tools in cultivated peanut, such as construction of BAC libraries (Yuksel and Paterson, 2005;Guimarães et al, 2008), cDNA libraries (Luo et al, 2005;Proite et al, 2007;Guo et al, 2008Guo et al, , 2009Koilkonda et al, 2012), RNAseq using next generation sequencing technology (Guimaraes et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012) and development of DNA markers (see reviews of Feng et al, 2012;Pandey et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012; (Table 1).…”

“…A map was later developed using a synthetic tetraploid constructed from Florunner 3 the synthetic amphidiploid TxAG-6 {A. batizocoi 3 [A. cardenasii 3 A. diogoi]} 4x (Burow et al, 2001). The first partial linkage map for A. hypogaea was constructed using an F 2 population (Herselman et al, 2004), which had five linkage groups with 12 AFLP markers spanning 139 cM of the genome. The genetic maps of cultivated peanut published by Hong et al (2008) and Varshney et al (2009) were the first maps with reasonable numbers of markers.…”