Identification and molecular cloning of a novel porcine parvovirus

Abstract

A novel porcine parvovirus, PPV4, was identified in the lung lavage of a diseased pig coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2. This virus exhibits limited similarity to its closest relative, bovine parvovirus 2, but resembles viruses of the genus Bocavirus (bovine parvovirus, canine minute virus and human bocavirus) that encode an additional ORF3. The ORF3 of PPV4 is predicted to encode a protein of 204 amino acid residues, which is similar in size to the ORF3-encoded proteins of the bocaviruses. Whereas the ORF3-encoded proteins of bocaviruses share significant similarity with each other, the PPV4 ORF3 encoded protein does not exhibit homology with any protein in the GenBank non-redundant database.

Acute Diarrhea in West African Children: Diverse Enteric Viruses and a Novel Parvovirus Genus

“…Members of the Bocavirus genus also infect bats (GenBank accession no. JQ814850), cows (17), dogs (42,63), pigs (11,19,24,48,64), chimpanzees (67), and gorillas (43). Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) was initially described in 2007 in the plasma of a febrile injection drug user (36).…”

Identification and genomic characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus (PPV6) in china

“…The identification of a novel PPV; i.e., PPV6, within the subfamily Parvovirinae provides, further insight into the viral and genetic diversity of parvoviruses. Further study is needed to explore the exact roles of PPV6, especially regarding its host range, geographical distribution, and relatedness to disease [7,9,10,12]. Although PPV4, PPV5, and PPV6 were discovered in recent years, the biological characteristics of these viruses and relatedness to diseases are still not fully understood.…”

“…An additional ORF; i.e., ORF3, encodes an accessory protein and has been identified in some parvoviruses, such as NP1, an NSP only found in bocavirus and PPV4 [6,7]. In recent years, with the use of molecular assays and pathogen discovery tools, a number of novel parvoviruses belonging to the subfamily Parvovirinae have been identified in various animal species and humans, including human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), porcine hokovirus (PPV3), ovine partetravirus, PPV4, and PPV5 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Among them, PPV3 and ovine partetravirus have been shown to have a close relationship to PARV4, and currently have been proposed to be classified into the genus Tetraparvovirus by the ICTV [3,4].…”

“…In addition, PPV4 and PPV5 were both identified in clinical samples from swine herds, forming a distinct branch with bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) based on phylogenetic analysis, which led to consideration of these viruses being classified in a novel genus; i.e., Copiparvovirus [11,12]. Within parvoviruses, six different phylogenetic groups of parvoviruses have been identified from pigs, including classic PPV, PPV2, PPV3, PPV4, PPV5, and porcine bocaviruses (PBoV) [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The reported overall prevalence of parvoviruses in pig herds has varied from 6.4% to 20% for PPV2, 9.7% to 12.4% for PPV3, 1.5% to 39.7% for PBoV, and 2.6% to 6.6% for PPV5 [14][15][16][17].…”

Generation of recombinant porcine parvovirus virus-like particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and development of virus-specific monoclonal antibodies

“…Five different groups of porcine parvoviruses (PPV) have been identified: classic PPV (PPV1), PPV2, PPV3 (known as porcine PARV4, hokovirus, or partetravirus), and PPV4 and porcine bocaviruses, which all have substantial genetic divergence [9][10][11][12]. Recently, a new parvovirus provisionally proposed to be named as PPV5 was discovered in the United States [13].…”