Identification and monitoring of Ulmus americana transcripts during in vitro interactions with the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Aoun, Mirella; Jacobi, Volker; Boyle, Brian; Bernier, Louis

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.04.003

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In egg-induced plants, we observed an increase in transcripts annotated as chitinases, glucan endo-1,3-ß-glucosidases, pathogenesis-related protein (PR), major latex protein (MLP), heat shock protein 81, patatin-like protein, NPR1, and WRKY transcription factor 33. In Ulmus americana similar upregulation of chitinase and PR-1 transcripts were induced after inoculation with the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi at a similar time point (48–72 h) after treatment [30]. Almost all of the 53 upregulated transcripts reported in this study with sequence similarities to defense related proteins were also found in our much larger U. minor database.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

An elm EST database for identifying leaf beetle egg-induced defense genes

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPlants can defend themselves against herbivorous insects prior to the onset of larval feeding by responding to the eggs laid on their leaves. In the European field elm (Ulmus minor), egg laying by the elm leaf beetle ( Xanthogaleruca luteola) activates the emission of volatiles that attract specialised egg parasitoids, which in turn kill the eggs. Little is known about the transcriptional changes that insect eggs trigger in plants and how such indirect defense mechanisms are orchestrated in the context of other biological processes.ResultsHere we present the first large scale study of egg-induced changes in the transcriptional profile of a tree. Five cDNA libraries were generated from leaves of (i) untreated control elms, and elms treated with (ii) egg laying and feeding by elm leaf beetles, (iii) feeding, (iv) artificial transfer of egg clutches, and (v) methyl jasmonate. A total of 361,196 ESTs expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified which clustered into 52,823 unique transcripts (Unitrans) and were stored in a database with a public web interface. Among the analyzed Unitrans, 73% could be annotated by homology to known genes in the UniProt (Plant) database, particularly to those from Vitis, Ricinus, Populus and Arabidopsis. Comparative in silico analysis among the different treatments revealed differences in Gene Ontology term abundances. Defense- and stress-related gene transcripts were present in high abundance in leaves after herbivore egg laying, but transcripts involved in photosynthesis showed decreased abundance. Many pathogen-related genes and genes involved in phytohormone signaling were expressed, indicative of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and activation of jasmonic acid responsive genes. Cross-comparisons between different libraries based on expression profiles allowed the identification of genes with a potential relevance in egg-induced defenses, as well as other biological processes, including signal transduction, transport and primary metabolism.ConclusionHere we present a dataset for a large-scale study of the mechanisms of plant defense against insect eggs in a co-evolved, natural ecological plant–insect system. The EST database analysis provided here is a first step in elucidating the transcriptional responses of elm to elm leaf beetle infestation, and adds further to our knowledge on insect egg-induced transcriptomic changes in plants. The sequences identified in our comparative analysis give many hints about novel defense mechanisms directed towards eggs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

An elm EST database for identifying leaf beetle egg-induced defense genes

et al. 2012

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“…One of its medium-term priorities is to increase the genetic diversity of tolerant native elms. Elm tolerance to O. novo-ulmi has been shown to be inheritable (Townsend 2000, Solla et al 2014, Venturas et al 2014) and polygenic (quantitative) in nature (Aoun et al 2010). It also depends on constitutive and inducible mechanisms of defence (e.g., Martín et al 2007Martín et al , 2008bMartín et al , 2013.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Martín¹,

Solla²,

Venturas³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionIn the first half of the 20 th century, the first Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemic caused a massive loss of elms in Europe and North America. The much more aggressive O. novo-ulmi Brasier took the place of the causal agent, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf., in the second half of the century. The second pathogen has caused the disappearance of adult elms in many European and North American locations (Brasier & Kirk 2010). O. novo-ulmi is almost impossible to control through chemical, biological or silvicultural methods due to its high virulence and highly effective transmission via small beetles of the Scolytus and Hylorgopinus genera (Webber 2000). Tolerant elm genotype selection and breeding has been the most successful strategy for elm recovery, particularly in urban environments , 2011, Solla et al. 2005a. The Spanish elm breeding and conservation programme began in 1986 as the result of an agreement between the Spanish Environmental Administration and the Technical University of Madrid School of Forestry Engineering. Its two main objectives were to conserve remaining elm genetic resources and to transmit their variability to future generations of tolerant elms obtained through breeding; i.e., hybridisation of selected progenitors (native or tolerant Asian elms) to obtain tolerant trees with the appearance of native elm species.The first elm breeding programme began in the Netherlands in 1928 (Heybroek 1993) and was followed by several programmes in the United States and various European countries Santini et al. 2011, Buiteveld et al. 2014. As a result of crossing these species with native elms, a wide range of hybrid clones of varying tolerance levels and genetic backgrounds is now available on the market. The Spanish programme took advantage of the knowledge, methodologies and plant materials previously developed by the Dutch and Italian programmes. In the first 14 years, U. pumila was used as the main source of resistance, giving rise to 10 crossings tolerant to O. novo-ulmi (Solla et al. 2000). The tolerance of these crossings was tested in clone replicates (N > 16) over several years at various locations, and clone adaptation to different environments in Spain was evaluated. Five crossings with Asian background were recently selected to be released onto the market for ornamental use.In the 1990s the Spanish programme included some native elms, mainly U. minor, in the O. novo-ulmi susceptibility trials. In the following decade the programme focused mainly on selecting native elms. This new strategy complied with European and Spanish legislation governing the quality and genetic background of forest reproductive materials for production and marketing. In the European Union, forest reproductive materials are governed by Council Directive © SISEF http://www.sisef.it/iforest/ 172 iForest (2015) 8: 172-180

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“…The high number of unigenes associated with biotic or abiotic responses was noteworthy and included numerous MYB or WRKY transcription factors, dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins, leucine-rich repeat protein kinases, thaumatin-like proteins and disease resistance response proteins. Some of these genes were also orthologs of those found in U. americana in an earlier, smaller-scale work (Aoun et al 2010). Two pathways were predominant in the analysis: "phenylalanine metabolism" and "alpha-linolenic acid metabolism", which are directly related to biotic stress responses because they are the pathways for biosynthesis of SA and JA, respectively (Pieterse et al 2012).…”

Section: Molecular Advances To Understand the Genetic Clues Behind Elmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…But before this becomes widespread, it is necessary to address the adaptation of these clones to different environments and potential ecological barriers and increase the genetic diversity of tolerant clones through new breeding cycles. Resistance to DED is strongly believed to be polygenic (Townsend 2000;Aoun et al 2010), but it remains unclear which plant genetic traits confer resistance to O. novo-ulmi or how many genes are involved and where they are located in the genome. Although this lack of knowledge slows progress in elm breeding, considerable advances are being made with the application of genomic tools, as explained in the following section.…”

Section: Breeding Advances Against Dedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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Elms (Ulmus spp.) were once dominant trees in mixed broadleaf forests of many European territories, mainly distributed near rivers and streams or on floodplains. Since ancient times they have provided important services to humans, and several selected genotypes have been massively propagated and planted. Today elm populations are severely degraded due to the negative impact of human-induced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease pathogens. Despite the death of most large elm specimens, there is no evidence of genetic diversity loss in elm populations, probably due to their ability to resprout after disease. The recovery of elm populations from the remaining diversity should build from genomic tools that facilitate achievement of resistant elm clones. Research works to date have discerned the genetic diversity of elms and are well on the way to deciphering the genetic clues of elm resistance and pathogen virulence, key findings for addressing recovery of elm populations. Several tolerant clones suitable for use in urban and landscape planting have been obtained through traditional species hybridization with Asian elms, and various native clones have been selected and used in pilot forest restoration projects. Successful reintroduction of elms should also rely on a deeper understanding of elm ecology, in particular their resilience to abiotic and biotic disturbances. However, all these efforts would be in vain without the final acceptance of elm reintroduction by the social actors involved, making it necessary to evaluate and publicize the ecosystem services elms can provide for today's society.

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Identification and monitoring of Ulmus americana transcripts during in vitro interactions with the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi

Cited by 33 publications

References 85 publications

An elm EST database for identifying leaf beetle egg-induced defense genes

An elm EST database for identifying leaf beetle egg-induced defense genes

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

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