Identification and Optimization Strategy for the Ecological Security Pattern in Henan Province Based on Matching the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services

Abstract

Ecological security pattern construction is a fundamental approach to ensuring regional ecological security and enhancing human welfare. Taking Henan Province, a typical region of China’s main agricultural production area, as the study area, we use multi-source spatial data to calculate the high-value areas of ecosystem services and identify ecological source sites. On the basis of calculating the degree of land use development and GDP per land and population density to determine high-demand areas of the ecosystem, the ecological resistance surface coefficient is modified with nighttime lighting data, and the ecological corridor between the source site and the high-demand area is extracted using the minimum cumulative resistance model, so as to construct and optimize the regional ecological security pattern. The following results are presented. (1) The total area of ecological source sites in Henan Province is 3.02 × 104 km2, accounting for 18.12% of the total study area, which is concentrated in the mountainous areas of East Henan and South Henan. (2) The high-demand area of ecosystem services has a total area of 4.1 × 104 km2, accounting for 24.73% of the total study area, mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of Henan, with poor spatial matching of ecosystem service supply and demand. (3) The total length of ecological corridors is 1062.3 km, and the overall pattern forms the main corridor axes. The identification of ecological corridors focuses on the ecological demand space and puts forward suggestions for the optimization of the regional ecological security pattern based on it.

Construction of Cultivated Land Ecological Network Based on Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services and MCR Model: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China

“…Previous studies have shown that the ability of vegetation to sequester carbon is closely related to net primary productivity (NPP). Li found that according to the photosynthesis equation, vegetation fixes 1.63 units of carbon per unit of NPP accumulated [32]. Therefore, the formula for the carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity of cultivated land is as follows:…”

“…Soil and water conservation functions are mainly related to climate, soil, topography, and vegetation. The amount of soil and water conservation (the difference between the potential soil erosion amount and the actual soil erosion amount) is used as the evaluation index, and the modified soil erosion equation (RUSLE) is used for the calculation [32], and the specific formulas are as follows:…”

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern Network Based on the Supply–Demand Ratio of Ecosystem Services: A Study from Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle, China

“…The balance between supply and demand of ESs is not only an effective measure to coordinate the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection but also an effective way to alleviate climate change. This balance is crucial Land 2024, 13, 844 3 of 22 for maintaining regional ecological security and promoting the healthy development of the natural environment [35]. The imbalance of supply and demand capacity of regional ESs will affect the identification of ESAs in the process of ESP construction and then affect the quantity and spatial distribution of other ecological elements.…”