Identification and properties of proteases from an Acanthamoeba isolate capable of producing granulomatous encephalitis

Sissons, James; Alsam, Selwa; Goldsworthy, G.J.; Lightfoot, Mary E.; Jarroll, Edward L.; Khan, Naveed Ahmed

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-42

Cited by 67 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The initial binding of Acanthamoeba to the surface of host cells interferes with the host intracellular signalling pathways. Several studies have shown that Acanthamoeba induces apoptosis in host cells (Alizadeh et al , 1994; Sissons et al , 2005a). Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is known to be dependent on the host cell's own signalling pathways, involving Ca 2+ responses (Taylor et al , 1995).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health

2006

Self Cite

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Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protozoan that is widely distributed in the environment and is well recognized to produce serious human infections, including a blinding keratitis and a fatal encephalitis. This review presents our current understanding of the burden of Acanthamoeba infections on human health, their pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and molecular mechanisms associated with the disease, as well as virulence traits of Acanthamoeba that may be targets for therapeutic interventions and/or the development of preventative measures.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health

2006

Self Cite

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“…Various factors affect the prevalence of TB. Previous studies have found that the prevalence of TB is associated with individual differences, such as genetic susceptibility [ 4 ], sex [ 5 ], education [ 6 ], race [ 7 , 8 ], migration [ 9 ], drinking alcohol [ 10 ], smoking [ 11 ], and related diseases [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Additionally, at the ecological level, geographic, climatic and socio-economic factors also impact TB prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors include elevation [ 15 ], climate [ 16 ], air pollution [ 11 ], the national economic level [ 17 ], unemployment rate [ 10 ], poverty [ 18 ], and social instability [ 19 ]. Compared to individual studies [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], ecological studies on TB prevalence are relatively insufficient [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], especially in China. These ecological studies primarily investigated the effects of certain factors on TB prevalence and did not systematically address the comprehensive effects of these factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatial, Social and Environmental Study of Tuberculosis in China Using Statistical and GIS Technology

Sun

Gong

Zhou

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in China, and its incidence shows certain regional disparities. Systematic investigations of the social and environmental factors influencing TB are necessary for the prevention and control of the disease. Data on cases were obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease and Prevention. Social and environmental variables were tabulated to investigate the latent factor structure of the data using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Partial least square path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to analyze the complex causal relationship and hysteresis effects between the factors and TB prevalence. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was used to explore the local association between factors and TB prevalence. EFA and PLS-PM indicated significant associations between TB prevalence and its latent factors. Altitude, longitude, climate, and education burden played an important role; primary industry employment, population density, air quality, and economic level had hysteresis with different lag time; health service and unemployment played a limited role but had limited hysteresis. Additionally, the GWR model showed that each latent factor had different effects on TB prevalence in different areas. It is necessary to formulate regional measures and strategies for TB control and prevention in China according to the local regional effects of specific factors.

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“…Supporting this result, type I toxin TisB was directly linked with persistence as absence of tisAB/istR locus led to significant reduction in ciprofloxacin induced persistence [ 28 ]. Furthermore, expression of TA modules (RelBE, MazEF, DinJYafQ, MqsR, YoeB) were induced in a transcriptome study performed with isolated E. coli persister cells [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orphan Toxin OrtT (YdcX) of Escherichia coli Reduces Growth during the Stringent Response

Islam

Benedik

Wood

2015

Toxins

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Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are nearly universal in prokaryotes; toxins are paired with antitoxins which inactivate them until the toxins are utilized. Here we explore whether toxins may function alone; i.e., whether a toxin which lacks a corresponding antitoxin (orphan toxin) is physiologically relevant. By focusing on a homologous protein of the membrane-damaging toxin GhoT of the Escherichia coli GhoT/GhoS type V TA system, we found that YdcX (renamed OrtT for orphan toxin related to tetrahydrofolate) is toxic but is not part of TA pair. OrtT is not inactivated by neighboring YdcY (which is demonstrated to be a protein), nor is it inactivated by antitoxin GhoS. Also, OrtT is not inactivated by small RNA upstream or downstream of ortT. Moreover, screening a genomic library did not identify an antitoxin partner for OrtT. OrtT is a protein and its toxicity stems from membrane damage as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and cell lysis. Furthermore, OrtT reduces cell growth and metabolism in the presence of both antimicrobials trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole; these antimicrobials induce the stringent response by inhibiting tetrahydrofolate synthesis. Therefore, we demonstrate that OrtT acts as an independent toxin to reduce growth during stress related to amino acid and DNA synthesis.

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Identification and properties of proteases from an Acanthamoeba isolate capable of producing granulomatous encephalitis

Cited by 67 publications

References 26 publications

Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health

Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health

A Spatial, Social and Environmental Study of Tuberculosis in China Using Statistical and GIS Technology

Orphan Toxin OrtT (YdcX) of Escherichia coli Reduces Growth during the Stringent Response

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