Identification and Quantification of Lipopeptide Homologues Induced and Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Abstract

Cyclic lipopeptides (LPs) are potentially promising in the agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical sectors. LPs have a variable hydrophilic cyclic peptide part attached to a variable fatty acid chain. One limitation of these compounds is their low availability due to their limited production by bacteria. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify homologues of LPs biosynthesized by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC–MS/MS) after inducing the synthesis of these secondary metabolites using different inducers, including chemical compounds and inactive cells of Colletotrichum sp. Four homologues were identified in the iturin family (bacillomycin D), and the iturin homologue with the highest synthesis was the molecular ion m/z 1031.54, with 173.1 µg mg−1 crude extract. In addition, seven homologues were detected in the fengycin family (four of fengycin A and three of fengycin B), and the homologue with the highest content was the molecular ion m/z 1463.69 (fengycin A), with 3288 ± 528.5 ng mg−1 crude extract. Finally, five homologues were identified in the surfactin family, where the highest concentration was observed for the molecular ion m/z 1036.68, with 61.5 ± 3.01 µg mg−1 crude extract. The highest concentration of LP homologues (iturin, fengycin and surfactin) synthesized by B. amyloliquefaciens was detected in the presence of inactive cells of Coletotrichum sp., suggesting that the inducing substance is associated with the inducer’s cell envelope and could be a single protein or a structure that includes protein components.

An Engineered Microbial Consortium Provides Precursors for Fengycin Production by Bacillus subtilis

“…C15 and C16 fatty acids were demonstrated to be the most effective in promoting fengycin and iturin A production of B . amyloliquefaciens , respectively . In this study, C15 fatty acid was less effective than C16 fatty acid in improving the fengycin production of B. subtilis .…”

“…The application of fengycin is hindered by its low yield and high cost. At present, the research on improving fengycin production is focused mainly on fermentation optimization and endogenous regulation. , Media and fermentation conditions not only significantly improve the level of fengycin in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens but also change the proportion of fengycin homologues . Amino acids and fatty acids as structural precursors are directly involved in the assembly and synthesis of lipopeptides.…”