Identification and quantification of oligomers as potential migrants in plastics food contact materials with a focus in polycondensates – A review

Hoppe, Maria; Voogt, P. de; Franz, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.01.018

Cited by 99 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…from additives [86]. More and more NIAS, including those with evidence for migration, have been detected by modern analytical methods, but many remain unidentified due to prevailing limitations in structure elucidation [27,55,74,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95]. However, it is well known that for several types of food contact materials, migration of NIAS is more significant than migration of intentionally used substances [3,96].…”

Section: Known Hazardous Chemicals Are Authorized For Use In Food Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: a consensus statement

et al. 2020

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Food packaging is of high societal value because it conserves and protects food, makes food transportable and conveys information to consumers. It is also relevant for marketing, which is of economic significance. Other types of food contact articles, such as storage containers, processing equipment and filling lines, are also important for food production and food supply. Food contact articles are made up of one or multiple different food contact materials and consist of food contact chemicals. However, food contact chemicals transfer from all types of food contact materials and articles into food and, consequently, are taken up by humans. Here we highlight topics of concern based on scientific findings showing that food contact materials and articles are a relevant exposure pathway for known hazardous substances as well as for a plethora of toxicologically uncharacterized chemicals, both intentionally and non-intentionally added. We describe areas of certainty, like the fact that chemicals migrate from food contact articles into food, and uncertainty, for example unidentified chemicals migrating into food. Current safety assessment of food contact chemicals is ineffective at protecting human health. In addition, society is striving for waste reduction with a focus on food packaging. As a result, solutions are being developed toward reuse, recycling or alternative (non-plastic) materials. However, the critical aspect of chemical safety is often ignored. Developing solutions for improving the safety of food contact chemicals and for tackling the circular economy must include current scientific knowledge. This cannot be done in isolation but must include all relevant experts and stakeholders. Therefore, we provide an overview of areas of concern and related activities that will improve the safety of food contact articles and support a circular economy. Our aim is to initiate a broader discussion involving scientists with relevant expertise but not currently working on food contact materials, and decision makers and influencers addressing single-use food packaging due to environmental concerns. Ultimately, we aim to support science-based decision making in the interest of improving public health. Notably, reducing exposure to hazardous food contact chemicals contributes to the prevention of associated chronic diseases in the human population.

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Section: Known Hazardous Chemicals Are Authorized For Use In Food Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: a consensus statement

et al. 2020

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“…Another mechanism for cyclic oligoester formation involves thermal degradation of polyester backbone and transesterification reaction. Therefore, both polyester or polyester polyol synthesis and degradation contribute to the total amounts of cyclic oligoesters in PU laminating adhesives …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, both polyester or polyester polyol synthesis and degradation contribute to the total amounts of cyclic oligoesters in PU laminating adhesives. 5 From an industrial point of view, short-chain cyclic oligoesters can adversely affect physical properties, as they do not have free hydroxyl groups for further polycondensation and polyaddition reactions to build high mw polymers. 4 Several patents have suggested procedures to reduce cyclic oligoester contents in polyesters and polyester polyol.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…15 In previous studies, 24 low mw cyclic oligoester migrants from laminates have been identified mainly by using extraction methods with organic solvents, water, or modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO a/k/a Tenax). 5,[16][17][18][19][20] The identified migrants were mostly derived from diols, namely, diethylene glycol (DEG), ethylene glycol (EG), and neopentyl glycol (NPG), and diacids like adipic acid (AA), isophthalic acid (IPA), and phthalic acid (PA). Several cyclic oligoesters also have been reported from migration studies of polyester-based can coatings, bottles, and trays.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Migration studies and chemical characterization of low molecular weight cyclic polyester oligomers from food packaging lamination adhesives

et al. 2018

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Laminate structures are widely used for food packaging applications. Polyester urethane‐based adhesives are very common materials for bonding the layers of such laminates together. Unintended by‐products of polyester synthesis include low molecular weight cyclic polyester oligomers (cyclic oligoesters) that lack the required hydroxyl functionality to react with isocyanates to form the intended high molecular weight polyurethane polymer and remain as impurities with high migration potential. Our investigation conducted migration studies of 537 commercial and/or developmental food packaging laminate structures by using food simulants with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses of the extracts. A subset of the extracts were also analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with chemical ionization. Migration of cyclic oligoesters of diverse chemical structure was observed in nearly all of the samples analysed. Aside from migrants originating directly from polyolefin sealant films on the food‐contact side of the laminates, cyclic oligoesters were the migrants detected at next highest concentration. This report presents electron ionization mass spectra and molecular structures of 106 cyclic oligoesters including a series of novel as well as previously identified species. Fifty‐six cyclic oligoesters migrated from the 537 laminate samples analysed were evaluated for frequency of occurrence and migration concentration range. The most commonly observed cyclic oligoester migrants were those derived from combinations of the polyhydric alcohols, diethylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol and the dibasic acids, adipic, and phthalic/isophthalic.

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“…The multiannual research performed in numerous research centres enables the identification of compounds leaching from the inner layer of packaging as well as conditions that intensify this process. 1 Among the most commonly determined analytes in simulants, as well as in food samples stored in metal cans or in polymeric packaging materials, the following predominant can be distinguished: bisphenol A, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), their derivatives and phthalates. 2 The main sources of contamination are the special coatings used to protect the inner layer of the packaging from corrosion and to protect food from direct contact with the material used in producing the container.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Acute Toxicity of Selected Packages Internal Layers Extracts using Microtox^®

Szczepańska

Kudłak

Yotova

et al. 2017

Packag. Technol. Sci.

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In the scientific literature related to the widely understood issue of packaging materials designed to have contact with food (food contact materials), there is much information on raw materials used for their production, as well as their physiochemical properties, types and parameters. Unfortunately, not much attention is given to the issues concerning migration of toxic substances from packaging and its actual influence on the health of the final consumer, even though health protection and food safety are the priority tasks. The goal of this study was to estimate the impact of particular foodstuff packaging type, food production and storage conditions on the degree of leaching of potentially toxic compounds to foodstuffs with the use of the acute toxicity test Microtox ® . From all simulants studied, the 3% acetic acid in water proved to cause significant migration of toxic compounds with increase of time and temperature of extraction and justified the hypothesis that food products with low pH values (stored in cans) cause significant damage to cans internal resin filing and is a reason of increased migration rate of package material to foodstuff. Figure 2. Effect plots for water extraction experiments: (a) temperature [°C], (b) contact time [h] and (c) interaction temperature-contact time (points are shifted aside for better perspicuity). 352 N. SZCZEPAŃSKA ET AL.Figure 3. Effect plots for ethanol extraction experiments: (a) temperature [°C], (b) contact time [h] and (c) interaction temperature-contact time (points are shifted aside for better perspicuity).Figure 4. Effect plots for DMSO extraction experiments: (a) temperature [°C], (b) contact time [h] and (c) interaction temperature-contact time (points are shifted aside for better perspicuity). 354 N. SZCZEPAŃSKA ET AL.Figure 5. Effect plots for acetic acid extraction experiments: (a) temperature [°C], (b) contact time [h] and (c) interaction temperature-contact time (points are shifted aside for better perspicuity).

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Identification and quantification of oligomers as potential migrants in plastics food contact materials with a focus in polycondensates – A review

Cited by 99 publications

References 70 publications

Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: a consensus statement

Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: a consensus statement

Migration studies and chemical characterization of low molecular weight cyclic polyester oligomers from food packaging lamination adhesives

Assessing Acute Toxicity of Selected Packages Internal Layers Extracts using Microtox^®

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Identification and quantification of oligomers as potential migrants in plastics food contact materials with a focus in polycondensates – A review

Cited by 99 publications

References 70 publications

Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: a consensus statement

Impacts of food contact chemicals on human health: a consensus statement

Migration studies and chemical characterization of low molecular weight cyclic polyester oligomers from food packaging lamination adhesives

Assessing Acute Toxicity of Selected Packages Internal Layers Extracts using Microtox®

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Assessing Acute Toxicity of Selected Packages Internal Layers Extracts using Microtox^®