Identification and quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls in paper and paper board using fused silica capillary gas chromatography

Voogt, P. de; Klamer, J.C.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.

doi:10.1007/bf01607463

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Older studies have shown the presence of PCBs only in recycled paper (Storr-Hansen and Rastogi, 1988). The concentrations found in our study (between 13 and 320 μg/kg), although comparable to the results of other recent studies (Binderup et al, 2002), are substantially lower than the concentrations found in paper three decades ago (between 100 and 12,400 μg/kg) (Voogt et al, 1984). This may indicate the gradual removal of PCBs from the paper cycle, as a result of the ban.…”

Section: Implications Of the Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The main open application for PCBs was in carbonless copy paper, as a carrier for the ink in the ink capsules (US EPA, 1977). Such paper contained between 2 % and 6 % PCBs by weight (Voogt et al, 1984), and accounted for 20,000 tonnes or 3 % of the total PCBs produced in the USA between 1930 and 1975 (Erickson and Kaley, 2011). Upon recycling, the ink capsules would burst and the PCBs would be released; once the fibres were processed, the PCBs could then be transferred into the newly manufactured paper products (US EPA, 1977).…”

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of chemical contaminants in the paper and board fractions of municipal solid waste

et al. 2016

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Chemicals are used in materials as additives in order to improve the performance of the material or the production process itself. The presence of these chemicals in recyclable waste materials may potentially affect the recyclability of the materials. The addition of chemicals may vary depending on the production technology or the potential end-use of the material. Paper has been previously shown to potentially contain a large variety of chemicals. Quantitative data on the presence of chemicals in paper are necessary for appropriate waste paper management, including the recycling and re-processing of paper. However, a lack of quantitative data on the presence of chemicals in paper is evident in the literature. The aim of the present work is to quantify the presence of selected chemicals in waste paper derived from households. Samples of paper and board were collected from Danish households, including both residual and source-segregated materials, which were disposed of (e.g., through incineration) and recycled, respectively. The concentration of selected chemicals was quantified for all of the samples. The quantified chemicals included mineral oil hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, and selected toxic metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb). The results suggest large variations in the concentration of chemicals depending on the waste paper fraction analysed. Research on the fate of chemicals in waste recycling and potential problem mitigation measures should be focused on in further studies.

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Section: Implications Of the Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcbs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of chemical contaminants in the paper and board fractions of municipal solid waste

et al. 2016

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“…These kitchen rolls were also found to contain 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1.7 pg/g of dry weight) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (11.4 pg/g of dry weight), whereas other PCDD congeners and PCDF were not detected. Furthermore, PCB have been identified in paper and board (2) and also in recycled paper for household use (3). The phthalates constitute another group of compounds that have previously been detected in virgin and recycled fibers (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Identification and Quantification of Estrogenic Compounds in Recycled and Virgin Paper for Household Use As Determined by an in Vitro Yeast Estrogen Screen and Chemical Analysis

Vinggaard¹,

Körner

Lund

et al. 2000

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

103

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The use of recycled paper for the manufacture of food contact materials is widespread, but very little is known about the presence of potential contaminants in the paper. The purpose of this study was to assess the worst-case migration of estrogenic active compounds using extracts of paper for household use. Twenty different brands of kitchen rolls, nine of which were made from recycled paper and the remainder from virgin paper, were obtained from retail shops. Paper extracts were subjected to (a) determination of the total estrogenic activity by using an in vitro estrogen screen based on yeast cells stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor alpha and (b) chemical analysis and quantification by GC/MS, GC/FTIR/MS, and GC/FID for detection of a variety of estrogenic compounds. A marked estrogenic response was observed in nine of the extracts, seven of which were made from recycled paper and two from virgin paper. The chemical analysis revealed that extracts made from recycled paper contained levels of bisphenol A ranging from 0.6 to 24 mg/kg of kitchen roll, whereas extracts from virgin paper contained no bisphenol A or only negligible amounts. In contrast, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenols, and di-n-butyl and diisobutyl phthalate were present to a varying degree in both recycled and virgin paper with no apparent preferable distribution between the two paper types. The estrogenic response of the two extracts made from virgin paper appeared to be due partly to the presence of the preservative propyl paraben. Diisopropylnaphthalene, which turned out to be weakly estrogenic active in vitro (EC(50) = 53 microM), was detected in minor amounts in most of the extracts with the major part, ranging from 0.3 to 4.7 mg/kg of paper, found in recycled paper. Our findings that recycled kitchen rolls contain bisphenol A and other xenoestrogens may apply to other types of recycled paper used for food packaging and emphasize the importance of identifying this and other contaminants in recycled paper in general. These data indicate that bisphenol A may be useful as a purity indicator for recycled paper.

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Investigation of isomer specific polychlorinated biphenyls in printing inks

Rastogi¹

1992

Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Identification and quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls in paper and paper board using fused silica capillary gas chromatography

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Quantification of chemical contaminants in the paper and board fractions of municipal solid waste

Quantification of chemical contaminants in the paper and board fractions of municipal solid waste

Identification and Quantification of Estrogenic Compounds in Recycled and Virgin Paper for Household Use As Determined by an in Vitro Yeast Estrogen Screen and Chemical Analysis

Investigation of isomer specific polychlorinated biphenyls in printing inks

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