Identification and quantification of (polymeric) hindered-amine light stabilizers in polymers using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–ultraviolet absorbance detection–evaporative light scattering detection

Coulier, L; Kaal, Erwin; Tienstra, Marc; Hankemeier, Th.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.013

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…One such method is pyrolysis-GC/MS, in which a piece of sample is heated to a high temperature under inert gas atmosphere and volatile components together with pyrolysis fragments of larger molecules are separated and identified with a GC/MS system [4][5][6]. As already mentioned, most of the additives used today have a high molecular weight and are not volatile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, major problems in quantification are especially known to occur with HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers) posessing oligomeric structures, as they do not elute as a single signal in HPLC analysis [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained solution is then subjected to GC/MS or HPLC/ MS analysis for identification and quantification [2][3][4]. However, major problems in quantification are especially known to occur with HALS (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers) posessing oligomeric structures, as they do not elute as a single signal in HPLC analysis [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Schwarzinger

Gabriel

Beißmann

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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MALDI-TOF MS is used for the qualitative analysis of seven different polymer additives directly from the polymer without tedious sample pretreatment. Additionally, by using a solid sample preparation technique, which avoids the concentration gradient problems known to occur with dried droplets and by adding tetraphenylporphyrine as an internal standard to the matrix, it is possible to perform quantitative analysis of additives directly from the polymer sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Schwarzinger

Gabriel

Beißmann

et al. 2012

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Hsiao et al 13 studied polymer additives analysis using mass spectroscopy and found that in the midst of possible Tinuvin 770 fragments products were trimethyl piperidinyl ring, piperidinyl ring fragments, cleaved ester molecules and fragmented molecules at CH 2 groups. Coulier et al 14 analyzed the pyrolysis of polymeric HALS, and in the case of oligomeric Chimassorb 944, the main products were trimethyl piperidinyl ring and the monomer unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical degradation and VOC emission of unstabilized and stabilized polypropylene copolymer during multiple Extrusions

2011

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The thermo-mechanical degradation during the multi-extrusion of unstabilized and stabilized polypropylene copolymer (cPP) was analyzed using the Chain Scission Distribution Function (CSDF) method. During the first extrusion of unstabilized cPP almost 60% of the initial polymeric chains were submitted to chain scission. The calculations using CSDF show a random chain scission process of chains with molecular weight below 100 kg.mol -1 , and above that a preferential chain scission process. When stabilized the cPP molecular weight is kept constant, even after four extrusions, independently of the stabilizers concentration used. Its chain scission is greatly reduced, only being noteworthy at high values of molecular weight, presenting in this case a preferential chain scission process. During extrusion the unstabilized cPP evolves Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) due to the volatilization of low molecular weight oxidized chain segments. VOC's emissions are greatly reduced during the melt processing of stabilized cPP, even after multiple extrusions.

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“…Pyrolysis-GC, which needs to special instrument, is a common technique for this purpose. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] So far, calcium stearate, which is added to polyolefins as a lubricant, was not directly determined by chromatographic techniques. It has a limited solubility in organic solvents, especially in those solvents that are used as a mobile phase or a modifier in liquid chromatography.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Calcium Stearate in Polyolefin Samples by Gas Chromatographic Technique after Performing dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

2008

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The extraction and subsequent separation and quantification of polymer additives in polyolefins have proven to be a challenge for analytical chemists. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The quantification of additives in polymers is important in forensic investigations, scientific research and quality control. Currently, a range of additives is being used for protection during processing, increasing the lifetime and improving the performance of products. Although high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a very good method for the separation of complex additives, there are some difficulties in the identification of some components. [8][9][10][11] Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is very beneficial for separating and identifying some additives, but when dealing with antioxidants and stabilizers it is not feasible in many cases, owing to their decomposition or lack of volatility. Only a few papers have been published concerning determination of some additives. Pyrolysis-GC, which needs to special instrument, is a common technique for this purpose. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] So far, calcium stearate, which is added to polyolefins as a lubricant, was not directly determined by chromatographic techniques. It has a limited solubility in organic solvents, especially in those solvents that are used as a mobile phase or a modifier in liquid chromatography. On the other hand, calcium stearate cannot be determined by a gas-chromatographic technique due to its low volatility. In this study a gas chromatographic technique was presented for the determination of calcium stearate in polyolefin samples after its conversion to stearic acid.A recently presented extraction technique, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), [19][20][21] was used to preconcentrate the analyte before its injection to GC. In this method, a solvent with a density higher than that of water at the range of microliter is used as an extracting solvent. Another solvent, such as methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or acetone which is miscible with both aqueous and organic solvents is added as a dispersive agent to disperse the extracting solvent into the aqueous phase. DLLME is a rapid and efficient extraction technique. It uses an extraction solvent at the mL level. In DLLME, a higher enrichment factor is achievable compared with ordinary liquid-liquid extraction techniques. experimental ApparatusA gas chromatograph STG Model GC 101B (Teif Gostar Co., Tehran, Iran), equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), was used. The injection port system was a spilt/splitless injector. The characteristics of the capillary column and the GC conditions used in this analysis were as follows: column, Optima-1 (1.5 m ¥ 0.25 mm i.d.); thickness of stationary phase, 0.1 mm (Macherery Nagel, Germany); average linear velocity of nitrogen as carrier gas, 30 cm s -1 ; flow-rate of nitrogen as make up gas, 35 mL min -1 ; flow-rate of air and hydrogen for FID flame, 300 and 35 mL min -1 , respectively; temperature of the injection port, 200˚...

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Identification and quantification of (polymeric) hindered-amine light stabilizers in polymers using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–ultraviolet absorbance detection–evaporative light scattering detection

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Quantitative Analysis of Polymer Additives with MALDI-TOF MS Using an Internal Standard Approach

Thermo-mechanical degradation and VOC emission of unstabilized and stabilized polypropylene copolymer during multiple Extrusions

Determination of Calcium Stearate in Polyolefin Samples by Gas Chromatographic Technique after Performing dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

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