Identification and Sequence of Seventy-nine New Transcripts Expressed in Hemocytes of Ciona intestinalis, Three of Which May Be Involved in Characteristic Cell-cell Communication

Terajima, Daichi; Yamada, Shigeyuki; Uchino, Ryuji; Ikawa, Shuntaro; Ikeda, Makoto; Shida, Kazuhito; Arai, Yoichi; Wang, Hong Gang; Satoh, Nori; Satake, Masanobu

doi:10.1093/dnares/10.5.203

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent reports of a genome-wide analysis of C. intestinalis have provided a comprehensive picture of immune-related genes (Dehal et al 2002;Azumi et al 2003;Terajima et al 2003) and shown that IL1 genes are not contained in the genome, whereas the recorded C-type lectin and galectin genes can be expressed by hemocytes from untreated ascidians Azumi et al 2003). The inflammatory reaction in the tunic of C. intestinalis (Parrinello 1981;Parrinello et al 1984aParrinello et al , b, 1990) is a suitable model for the examination of inducible humoral cytokine-like factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible lectins with galectin properties and human IL1α epitopes opsonize yeast during the inflammatory response of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

et al. 2007

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Studies on inducible ascidian lectins may shed light on the evolutionary emergence of cytokine functions. Here, we show that the levels of opsonins, with IL1alpha-epitopes, increase in Ciona intestinalis hemolymph as a response to an inflammatory stimulus and, in particular, to intratunic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inflammatory agent promptly (within 4 h) enhances Ca(2+)-independent serum hemagglutinating and opsonizing activities, which are both inhibited by D-galactose and D-galactosides (alpha-lactose, N-acetyl-D-lactosamine, thio-digalactoside), suggesting that anti-rabbit erythrocyte lectins with galectin properties are involved as opsonins. Inducible galectin molecules contain interleukin-1alpha (IL1alpha) epitopes, and their activities are specifically inhibited by anti-human recombinant IL1alpha antibody. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has revealed that the density of the bands of several serum proteins increases within 4 h after LPS injection, correlated with the enhanced serum activity. Moreover, Western blot patterns demonstrate that several serum proteins (59, 37, 30, 23, 15 kDa) cross-react with the antibody as early as 4 h post-injection. Although we have not been able to establish whether, in adition to galectins, various types of D-galactose-specific lectins are contained in the serum, we show, for the first time in invertebrates, that galectin molecules with opsonic properties can be enhanced in response to a non-specific inflammatory stimulus, and that their release can be further stimulated by LPS. Finally, we reveal that multiple galectins share human IL1alpha epitopes, probably because of steric configuration and the oligomerization process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible lectins with galectin properties and human IL1α epitopes opsonize yeast during the inflammatory response of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

et al. 2007

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“…Ascidian IL-17R gene was identified from its genome and by a cDNA/EST study, showing similarity with that of mouse IL-17R (probability, E-11). There is a signal peptide domain in the N-terminal and a transmembrane domain in the central portion of the predicted protein [69]. Its structure is similar with that of mammalian IL-17R.…”

Section: Interleukin-17 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In invertebrates, the IL-17 receptor gene was isolated from ascidian C. intestinalis [69] and sea urchin S. purpuratus [54]. Ascidian IL-17R gene was identified from its genome and by a cDNA/EST study, showing similarity with that of mouse IL-17R (probability, E-11).…”

Section: Interleukin-17 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of fish IL-17 ligand and receptors: A review

Kono

Korenaga

Sakai

2011

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Despite the common opinion that invertebrate cytokines share no homologies with their vertebrate counterparts (138, 139), putative genes for IL1 and TNF receptors were identified in the Ciona genome (44, 61). A gene for a TNFα homolog, the transcription of which increases in Ciona hemocytes after LPS injection in the body wall, was also cloned (11, 140): it probably exerts a role in recruiting hemocytes to the inflamed area (141).…”

Section: Humoral Defensive Repertoirementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascidian hemocytes, involved in immune responses (immunocytes), represent a relevant fraction of circulating hemocytes (32), synthesize most of the pattern-recognition receptors (Table 2) and actively transcribe genes required for immune defense (60, 61): they include phagocytes and cytotoxic cells. Phagocytes are wandering, spreading cells that actively move toward foreign cells or particles and ingest them.…”

Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

Franchi

Ballarin

2017

Front. Immunol.

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Tunicates are the closest relatives of vertebrates, and their peculiar phylogenetic position explains the increasing interest toward tunicate immunobiology. They are filter-feeding organisms, and this greatly influences their defense strategies. The majority of the studies on tunicate immunity were carried out in ascidians. The tunic acts as a first barrier against pathogens and parasites. In addition, the oral siphon and the pharynx represent two major, highly vascularized, immune organs, where circulating hemocytes can sense non-self material and trigger immune responses that, usually, lead to inflammation and phagocytosis. Inflammation involves the recruitment of circulating cytotoxic, phenoloxidase (PO)-containing cells in the infected area, where they degranulate as a consequence of non-self recognition and release cytokines, complement factors, and the enzyme PO. The latter, acting on polyphenol substrata, produces cytotoxic quinones, which polymerize to melanin, and reactive oxygen species, which induce oxidative stress. Both the alternative and the lectin pathways of complement activation converge to activate C3: C3a and C3b are involved in the recruitment of hemocytes and in the opsonization of foreign materials, respectively. The interaction of circulating professional phagocytes with potentially pathogenic foreign material can be direct or mediated by opsonins, either complement dependent or complement independent. Together with cytotoxic cells, phagocytes are active in the encapsulation of large materials. Cells involved in immune responses, collectively called immunocytes, represent a large fraction of hemocytes, and the presence of a cross talk between cytotoxic cells and phagocytes, mediated by secreted humoral factors, was reported. Lectins play a pivotal role as pattern-recognition receptors and opsonizing agents. In addition, variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins, identified in the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis, control the settlement and colonization of bacteria in the gut.

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Identification and Sequence of Seventy-nine New Transcripts Expressed in Hemocytes of Ciona intestinalis, Three of Which May Be Involved in Characteristic Cell-cell Communication

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Inducible lectins with galectin properties and human IL1α epitopes opsonize yeast during the inflammatory response of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Inducible lectins with galectin properties and human IL1α epitopes opsonize yeast during the inflammatory response of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Genomics of fish IL-17 ligand and receptors: A review

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

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