Identification and sequencing of a cytochrome P450 gene cluster from Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Tully, Raymond E.; Berkum, Peter van; Lovins, KarrieW.; Keister, Donald L.

doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00069-4

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In B. japonicum, an operon consisting of genes putatively encoding a ferredoxin, a short chain alcohol dehydrogenase, three P450s, a GGPP synthase, and two (di)terpene synthases, has been proposed to be involved in gibberellin biosynthesis [27]. Analysis of the subsequently reported genomic sequence [28], indicates that this is the only recognizable diterpenoid operon encoded by B. japonicum, consistent with the hypothesis that these enzymatic genes are involved in GA biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…The plant growth promoting bacterium B. japonicum produces GA 3 [7], and contains an operon that has been hypothesized to encode GA biosynthetic enzymes [27], wherein the last two genes (blr2149 and blr2150) show some homology to known bacterial diterpene synthases. The functional analysis presented here demonstrates that blr2149 encodes an ent-CPP specific CPS (BjCPS) and blr2150 a KS (BjKS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria: Separate ent‐copalyl diphosphate and ent‐kaurene synthases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

et al. 2008

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Edited by Ulf-Ingo Flügge Keywords:Copalyl diphosphate synthase ent-Kaurene synthase Gibberellin Diterpene Terpene synthase Bradyrhizobium japonicum a b s t r a c tGibberellins are ent-kaurene-derived diterpenoid phytohormones produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria. The distinct gibberellin biosynthetic pathways in plants and fungi are known, but not that in bacteria. Plants typically use two diterpene synthases to form ent-kaurene, while fungi use only a single bifunctional diterpene synthase. We demonstrate here that Bradyrhizobium japonicum encodes separate ent-copalyl diphosphate and ent-kaurene synthases. These are found in an operon whose enzymatic composition indicates that gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria represents a third independently assembled pathway relative to plants and fungi. Nevertheless, sequence comparisons also suggest potential homology between diterpene synthases from bacteria, plants, and fungi.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria: Separate ent‐copalyl diphosphate and ent‐kaurene synthases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

et al. 2008

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“…Exogenous GA 3 induced the formation of nodule-like structures on the roots of L. japonicus, and this response was nitrogen sensitive (Kawaguchi et al, 1996) but originated from cell divisions in the pericycle and not from cortical cells. Although some free-living rhizobia have the capacity to produce GAs (Atzorn et al, 1988;Tully et al, 1998), they probably do not contribute significantly to the amount of GA within the nodule (Atzorn et al, 1988). Recently, different pea (Pisum sativum) lines mutated in GA synthesis or perception have been analyzed for their nodulation phenotypes (Ferguson et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gibberellins Are Involved in Nodulation of Sesbania rostrata

et al. 2005

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Upon submergence, Azorhizobium caulinodans infects the semiaquatic legume Sesbania rostrata via the intercellular crack entry process, resulting in lateral root-based nodules. A gene encoding a gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase, SrGA20ox1, involved in GA biosynthesis, was transiently up-regulated during lateral root base nodulation. Two SrGA20ox1 expression patterns were identified, one related to intercellular infection and a second observed in nodule meristem descendants. The infection-related expression pattern depended on bacterially produced nodulation (Nod) factors. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that GAs were involved in infection pocket and infection thread formation, two Nod factor-dependent events that initiate lateral root base nodulation, and that they were also needed for nodule primordium development. Moreover, GAs inhibited the root hair curling process. These results show that GAs are Nod factor downstream signals for nodulation in hydroponic growth.Legume plants develop a symbiotic interaction with rhizobia by forming root nodules in which the bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. Nodule formation integrates several developmental processes, such as induction of cortical and pericycle cell division and rhizobial invasion, which are coordinated in time and space. The onset of the symbiosis is marked by a complex exchange of signals, involving plant flavonoids and bacterial nodulation (Nod) factors. Recognition of specific Nod factors will switch on the nodulation program in the legume host.The best known mode of invasion is the root hair curling (RHC) mechanism that is used by most crop legumes and the model legumes barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and Lotus japonicus. Rhizobia induce growing root hairs to curl in the root zone I, just above the root meristem, whereby a rhizobial microcolony is entrapped. Local cell wall degradation and subsequent inward growth of the root hair plasma membrane result in the formation of an infection thread (IT) that guides the bacteria to the cortical cells. RHC is Nod factor dependent, and purified compatible Nod factors trigger several nodulation-related effects within the root hair, such as deformation, gene expression, Ca 21 spiking, membrane depolarization, and ion effluxes (Oldroyd and Downie, 2004). Several compo-

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“…However, experimental data on the function of these P450s are not available. CYP117B1 of S. cellulosum So ce56 showed almost 41% and 31% sequence identity with CYP117A1 of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and CYP196A3 of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, respectively (Supplemental Table S3), the first of which was predicted to have an affinity towards terpenoid compounds [54]. However, there are no experimental data available confirming the substrate specificity of either CYP117A1 or CYP196A3.…”

Section: The Relationship Of P450s Of S Cellulosum So Ce56 With Othementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of cytochromes P450 in myxobacteria: Excavation of cytochromes P450 from the genome of Sorangium cellulosum So ce56

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tThe exploitation of cytochromes P450 for novel biotechnological application and for the investigation of their physiological function is of great scientific interest in this post genomic era, where an extraordinary biodiversity of P450 genes has been derived from all forms of life. The study of P450s in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum strain So ce56, the producer of novel secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest is the research topic, in which we were engaged since the beginning of its genome sequencing project. We herein disclosed the cytochrome P450 complements (CYPomes) of spore-forming myxobacterial species, Stigmatella aurantiaca DW4/3-1, Haliangium ochraceum DSM 14365 and Myxococcus xanthus DK1622, and their potential pharmaceutical significance has been discussed.

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Identification and sequencing of a cytochrome P450 gene cluster from Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Cited by 48 publications

References 44 publications

Gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria: Separate ent‐copalyl diphosphate and ent‐kaurene synthases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria: Separate ent‐copalyl diphosphate and ent‐kaurene synthases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Gibberellins Are Involved in Nodulation of Sesbania rostrata

Investigation of cytochromes P450 in myxobacteria: Excavation of cytochromes P450 from the genome of Sorangium cellulosum So ce56

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