“…The prediction of the whole OBP family in species became quite simple due to the availability of more insect genomes and transcriptomes using next-generation sequencing techniques. However, the number of OBPs in Hymenoptera varies; for example, Apis mellifera has 21 OBPs, Microplitis mediator has 18 OBPs, Pieris rapae has 14 OBPs, Spodoptera exigua has 34 OBPs, Cotesia vestalis has 20 OBPs, and 90 OBPs were predicted in Nasonia vitripennis ( Forêt and Maleszka, 2006 ; Vieira et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2015 ; Peng et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ). Insect OBPs not only are expressed in the chemosensory system, but also occur in nonsensory tissues and organs, such as the cornicles ( Wang et al, 2021a ), thoraxes ( Xue et al, 2016 ; Gao et al, 2018 ; Wang et al, 2019 ), reproductive organs ( Li et al, 2008 ; Sun et al, 2012b ), mandibular glands ( Iovinella et al, 2011 ), salivary glands ( Zhang et al, 2017 ), and wings ( Calvello et al, 2003 ; Pelosi et al, 2005 ; Wang et al, 2021b ).…”