Identification by observation of clinical pharmacists´ activities in a hospital inpatient setting

Stuchbery, Peter; Kong, David Chee Ming; DeSantis, Giovanna; Lo, Shu-Fen

doi:10.4321/s1886-36552007000100002

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Pharmacists providing clinical pharmacy services to the medical and surgical wards at TNH (average 35 beds/pharmacist) and at WH (average 39 beds/pharmacist) ranged in experience from newly registered to 20 years post‐registration and this age‐range pattern was similar at both sites. The pattern of clinical pharmacist activity at the two hospitals was confirmed by direct observation as similar to that previously reported in other Australian hospitals [14] . At the two hospitals, pharmacists completed the designated workload documentation each weekday for the patients seen in their assigned wards on that day.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

Clinical pharmacy workload in medical and surgical patients: effect of patient partition, disease complexity and Major Disease Category

Stuchbery

Kong

DeSantis

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the time spent providing clinical pharmacy services to individual patient episodes for general medical and surgical patients and to measure the effect of patient presentation and complexity on this workload. Methods We conducted a 5‐month study at The Northern Hospital and Western Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, during 2006. Pharmacists recorded a defined range of activities that they provided for individual patients, including the actual times required for these tasks. A customised database, linked to the two hospitals' patient administration systems, stored these data according to the specific patient episode number. We then examined the influence of patient presentation and complexity on clinical pharmacy activities provided. Key findings During intervals when pharmacists recorded the time required to conduct activities, the average time required to perform the medication history and reconciliation exercise on 3052 occasions was 9.6 ± 4.5 min. The 1844 interventions required an average of 5.9 ± 3.0 min, clinical review of the patient's medical record required 5.5 ± 2.7 min and medication order review required 3.5 ± 1.3 min. For all of these activities, the time required was greater for medical patients than for surgical patients and greater for patients whose Diagnosis Related Group classification included a complication or co‐morbidity. The average time required to perform all clinical pharmacy activities for 4625 completed patient episodes was 22.4 ± 16.7 min and was again greater for medical patients and for patients with a complication or co‐morbidity. Conclusions The times required to perform a range of clinical pharmacy activities for individual patients was affected by whether the patients were medical or surgical patients. Furthermore, the existence of co‐morbidities or complications affected these times. The methodology has potential application for other patient presentations and in other practice settings.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 77%

Clinical pharmacy workload in medical and surgical patients: effect of patient partition, disease complexity and Major Disease Category

Stuchbery

Kong

DeSantis

et al. 2010

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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“…They prefer to adhere to the supply‐based dispensing role, and express feelings of uncertainty and lack of confidence to move to a more patient‐focused practice . Notwithstanding, clinical pharmacist practice is well established in large teaching hospitals in Australia . Similarly, in the primary care setting, more than 2000 pharmacists (about 10% of registered pharmacists in Australia) have undertaken training and accreditation processes to deliver collaborative, patient‐focused medication management reviews .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do South Australian pharmacy interns have the educational and behavioural precursors to meet the objectives of Australia's health care reform agenda?

Mak

March

Clark

et al. 2014

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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“…Clinical pharmacists proactively participate in patient care through interaction with other members of the healthcare team to support safe and effective medication use 15. Pharmacists make recommendations to physicians in various hospital settings with respect to dosing and administration of medications, current evidence-based treatment guidelines, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug interactions, intravenous drug compatibility and drug therapy monitoring 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardising pharmacist patient-profiling activities in a rehabilitation hospital in Malta

et al. 2013

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Objectives To develop, validate, test for applicability and practicality, implement and undertake a preliminary evaluation of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for pharmacist patient-profiling activities at Rehabilitation Hospital Karin Grech (RHKG). Methods Following direct observation of pharmacist patient-profiling activities in the hospital, a draft SOP was developed. The SOP was validated twice using a self-administered validation questionnaire and was amended according to suggestions proposed during validation. The validated SOP was tested for applicability and practicality through an observation study. Pharmacists were trained to follow the SOP correctly and the SOP was subsequently implemented. Preliminary evaluation of the SOP was undertaken using a self-administered evaluation questionnaire 1 and 4 months post implementation. Results A ‘patient-profiling’ SOP for pharmacists was developed. Validation was beneficial since constructive suggestions were proposed and improvements with respect to SOP content, length, presentation, layout and comprehensiveness were implemented to develop the final version of the SOP. The SOP was found to be practical and applicable for use at RHKG. Preliminary evaluation showed that all pharmacists (nine) found the SOP fit for purpose, easy to follow for training new pharmacists, user friendly, easy to understand and promotes consistency in patient-profiling activities. Conclusions The ‘patient-profiling’ SOP provides a comprehensive approach to standardisation of pharmacist patient-profiling activities at RHKG to improve the quality of patient care. The SOP will need to be regularly reviewed and updated and can be transferred to other hospital settings with minor amendments.

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Identification by observation of clinical pharmacists´ activities in a hospital inpatient setting

Abstract: *

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Clinical pharmacy workload in medical and surgical patients: effect of patient partition, disease complexity and Major Disease Category

Clinical pharmacy workload in medical and surgical patients: effect of patient partition, disease complexity and Major Disease Category

Do South Australian pharmacy interns have the educational and behavioural precursors to meet the objectives of Australia's health care reform agenda?

Standardising pharmacist patient-profiling activities in a rehabilitation hospital in Malta

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