Identification by Raman microscopy of pigments on early postage stamps: distinction between original 1847 and 1858–1862, forged and reproduction postage stamps of Mauritius

Chaplin, Tracey D.; Jurado-López, A.; Clark, Robin J. H.; Beech, David R.

doi:10.1002/jrs.1208

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…VII . The combination of these pigments has already been reported in the literature . This mixed green could be the one known as chrome green, a 19th century pigment synthesised through coprecipitation of Prussian blue and chrome yellow upon addition of barium white .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Raman analysis assessed by Fourier‐Transformed infrared and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopies: a multi‐analytical approach of ancient chromolithographs from the 19th century

Pitarch

Álvarez-Pérez

Castro

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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A set of chromolithographs from the 19th century were analysed to identify the fillers and pigments used for their elaboration. Because of the delicacy of the chromolithographs, the research involved the use of Raman, Fourier‐transform infrared and energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopies for a complete characterization of the works on paper without removing any microsamples. Despite the high fluorescence of the samples when analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, in this paper, we demonstrated that ink spectra can be successfully enhanced by subtracting the spectra of the supporting background paper. The results of the study showed that, apparently, the lithographer used a limited range of common inorganic pigments from the 19th century (carbon black, chrome yellow, Prussian blue, red ochre, red lead and vermilion) together with organic pigments (indigo blue, gamboge and a red organic pigment). The study also found that despite the fact that during the 19th and early 20th century the use of mixtures of several pigments was a common practice, unusual admixtures were used for the preparation of some colours of the studied chromolithographs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Raman analysis assessed by Fourier‐Transformed infrared and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopies: a multi‐analytical approach of ancient chromolithographs from the 19th century

Pitarch

Álvarez-Pérez

Castro

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…In a few cases ultramarine blue and chrome yellow, a combination commonly referred to as chrome green, [29,46] are found mixed together in green areas, with or without small quantities of the arsenic-containing greens discussed above.…”

Section: Yellowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic investigation of modern pigments on purportedly medieval miniatures by the ‘Spanish Forger’

Burgio

Clark

Hark

2009

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Five miniatures by the so-called 'Spanish Forger' were acquired by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 2008. Believed to be authentic medieval miniatures until the mid-twentieth century, they are now considered to have been painted around the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. To investigate this attribution and to gather detailed knowledge about the materials used by the artist, a comprehensive pigment analysis by Raman microscopy and X-ray fluorescence was carried out. Although traditional materials such as vermilion, carbon black, red lead, lead white and indigo were identified, many others (chrome yellow, Scheele's green, emerald green and ultramarine blue) are modern and synthetic pigments, a result which provides a firm scientific basis for stating that the miniatures are forgeries.

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“…Raman spectroscopy has been used to look at significant works of art by artists such as Picasso [21,24] and Vermeer [10], and also at high value items such as the Lindesfarne Gospels [25] and high profile forgeries [5,26]. Raman has proved to be efficient at pigment identification [5,7], although there are some exceptions such as lakes 1 and other organic pigments which have poor Raman scattering, making identification difficult [14].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy: a case study on Armenian manuscripts

et al. 2018

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There is great practical and scholarly interest in the identification of pigments in works of art. This paper compares the effectiveness of the widely used Raman Spectroscopy (RS), with hyperspectral imaging (HSI), a reflectance imaging technique, to evaluate the reliability of HSI for the identification of pigments in historic works of art and to ascertain if there are any benefits from using HSI or a combination of both. We undertook a case study based on six Armenian illuminated manuscripts (eleventh-eighteenth centuries CE) in the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. RS, and HSI (380-1000 nm) were both used to analyse the same 10 folios, with the data then used to test the accuracy and efficiency of HSI against the known results from RS using reflectance spectra reference databases compiled by us for the project. HSI over the wavelength range 380-1000 nm agreed with RS at best 93% of the time, and performance was enhanced using the SFF algorithm and by using a database with many similarities to the articles under analysis. HSI is significantly quicker at scanning large areas, and can be used alongside RS to identify and map large areas of pigment more efficiently than RS alone. HSI therefore has potential for improving the speed of pigment identification across manuscript folios and artwork but must be used in conjunction with a technique such as RS.

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Identification by Raman microscopy of pigments on early postage stamps: distinction between original 1847 and 1858–1862, forged and reproduction postage stamps of Mauritius

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Raman analysis assessed by Fourier‐Transformed infrared and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopies: a multi‐analytical approach of ancient chromolithographs from the 19th century

Raman analysis assessed by Fourier‐Transformed infrared and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopies: a multi‐analytical approach of ancient chromolithographs from the 19th century

Spectroscopic investigation of modern pigments on purportedly medieval miniatures by the ‘Spanish Forger’

Comparing the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy: a case study on Armenian manuscripts

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