Identification, characterization, and expression of dentin matrix protein 1 gene in <i>Xenopus laevis</i>

Yonekura, Tomoko; Homma, Hiromi; Sakurai, Atsuo; Moriguchi, Mitsuko; Miake, Y.; Toyosawa, Satoru; Shintani, Seikou

doi:10.1002/jez.b.22529

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Osteichthyan acidic scpps are typically associated with dentine and bone ( Kawasaki 2009 ), but a specific expression in secretory ameloblasts has also been reported for zebrafish spp1 ( Kawasaki 2009 ) and mouse Dmp1 ( MacDougall et al 1998 ). Although the mouse Sparc-L1 gene is not expressed in teeth, nor in any other skeletal tissue ( Soderling et al 1997 ), the elasmobranch sparc-L gene harbors a pan-ameloblastic expression (this study and see Enault et al 2018 ); (I) this study and see Enault et al (2018) , Kawasaki et al (2005 , 2021) , Kawasaki (2009) , Yonekura et al (2013) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Parallel Evolution of Ameloblastic scpp Genes in Bony and Cartilaginous Vertebrates

Leurs

Martinand‐Mari

Marcellini

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In bony vertebrates, skeletal mineralization relies on the secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins (Scpp) family whose members are acidic extracellular proteins posttranslationally regulated by the Fam20°C kinase. As scpp genes are absent from the elephant shark genome, they are currently thought to be specific to bony fishes (osteichthyans). Here, we report a scpp gene present in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) that evolved from local tandem duplication of sparc-L 5′ exons and show that both genes experienced recent gene conversion in sharks. The elasmobranch scpp is remarkably similar to the osteichthyan scpp members as they share syntenic and gene structure features, code for a conserved signal peptide, tyrosine-rich and aspartate/glutamate-rich regions, and harbor putative Fam20°C phosphorylation sites. In addition, the catshark scpp is coexpressed with sparc-L and fam20°C in tooth and scale ameloblasts, similarly to some osteichthyan scpp genes. Despite these strong similarities, molecular clock and phylogenetic data demonstrate that the elasmobranch scpp gene originated independently from the osteichthyan scpp gene family. Our study reveals convergent events at the sparc-L locus in the two sister clades of jawed vertebrates, leading to parallel diversification of the skeletal biomineralization toolkit. The molecular evolution of sparc-L and its coexpression with fam20°C in catshark ameloblasts provides a unifying genetic basis that suggests that all convergent scpp duplicates inherited similar features from their sparc-L precursor. This conclusion supports a single origin for the hypermineralized outer odontode layer as produced by an ancestral developmental process performed by Sparc-L, implying the homology of the enamel and enameloid tissues in all vertebrates.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Parallel Evolution of Ameloblastic scpp Genes in Bony and Cartilaginous Vertebrates

Leurs

Martinand‐Mari

Marcellini

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Analysis of PhyloFish data further showed that expression in bone was significant for scpp1 , ibsp , mepe1 , mepe2 , and spp1 , but not for dmp1 or dsppl1 . Expression of dmp1 in teeth but not in bone is in contrast with the tetrapod orthologs, which are expressed in both bone and teeth (dentin) (Toyosawa et al., ; Yonekura et al., ), and suggests a specific role of gar dmp1 in teeth, but not in bone. Our RT‐PCR also revealed no significant expression of dmp1 in the skin that contains developing ganoid scales.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCPP Genes and Their Relatives in Gar: Rapid Expansion of Mineralization Genes in Osteichthyans

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gar is an actinopterygian that has bone, dentin, enameloid, and ganoin (enamel) in teeth and/or scales. Mineralization of these tissues involves genes encoding various secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins (SCPPs) in osteichthyans, but no SCPP genes have been identified in chondrichthyans to date. In the gar genome, we identified 38 SCPP genes, seven of which encode "acidic-residue-rich" proteins and 31 encode "Pro/Gln (P/Q) rich" proteins. These gar SCPP genes constitute the largest known repertoire, including many newly identified P/Q-rich genes expressed in teeth and/or scales. Among gar SCPP genes, six acidic and three P/Q-rich genes were identified as orthologs of sarcopterygian genes. The sarcopterygian orthologs of most of these acidic genes are involved in bone and/or dentin formation, and sarcopterygian orthologs of all three P/Q-rich genes participate in enamel formation. The finding of these genes in gar suggests that an elaborate SCPP gene-based genetic system for tissue mineralization was already present in stem osteichthyans. While SCPP genes have been thought to originate from ancient SPARCL1, SPARCL1L1 appears to be more closely related to these genes, because it established a structure similar to acidic SCPP genes probably in stem gnathostomes, perhaps at about the same time with the origin of tissue mineralization. Assuming enamel evolved in stem osteichthyans, all P/Q-rich SCPP genes likely arose within the osteichthyan lineage. Furthermore, the absence of acidic SCPP genes in chondrichthyans might be explained by the secondary loss of earliest acidic genes. It appears that many SCPP genes expanded rapidly in stem osteichthyans and in basal actinopterygians.

show abstract

Cellular and molecular characterization of a novel primary osteoblast culture from the vertebrate model organism Xenopus tropicalis

Bertin

Hanna

Otarola

et al. 2014

Histochem Cell Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Osteogenesis is the fundamental process by which bones are formed, maintained and regenerated. The osteoblasts deposit the bone mineralized matrix by secreting large amounts of extracellular proteins and by allowing the biochemical conditions for the nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Normal bone formation requires a tight control of osteoblastic activity, and therefore, osteoblasts represent a major focus of interest in biomedical research. Several crucial features of osteogenesis can be readily recapitulated using murine, avian and fish primary and immortalized osteoblastic cultures. Here, we describe a novel and straightforward in vitro culture of primary osteoblasts from the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis, a major vertebrate model organism. X. tropicalis osteoblasts can readily be extracted from the frontoparietal bone of pre-metamorphosing tadpole skulls by series of gentle protease treatments. Such primary cultures efficiently proliferate and can conveniently be grown at room temperature, in the absence of CO2, on a variety of substrates. X. tropicalis primary osteoblasts express well-characterized genes known to be active during osteogenesis of teleost fish, chick, mouse and human. Upon differentiation, such cultures mineralize and activate DMP1, an osteocyte-specific gene. Importantly, X. tropicalis primary osteoblasts can be efficiently transfected and respond to the forced activation of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway by increasing their nuclear levels of phospho-Smad. Therefore, this novel primary culture is amenable to experimental manipulations and represents a valuable tool for improving our understanding of the complex network of molecular interactions that govern vertebrate bone formation.

show abstract

Identification, characterization, and expression of dentin matrix protein 1 gene in Xenopus laevis

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Parallel Evolution of Ameloblastic scpp Genes in Bony and Cartilaginous Vertebrates

Parallel Evolution of Ameloblastic scpp Genes in Bony and Cartilaginous Vertebrates

SCPP Genes and Their Relatives in Gar: Rapid Expansion of Mineralization Genes in Osteichthyans

Cellular and molecular characterization of a novel primary osteoblast culture from the vertebrate model organism Xenopus tropicalis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About