Identification, cloning, and expression of a GHF9 cellulase from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Willis, Jonathan D.; Oppert, Brenda; Oppert, Cris; Klingeman, William E.; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luís

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.11.019

Cited by 45 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We also observed that the optimal temperature was 50°C in all assays. These results are in agreement with insect cellulases characterized by other authors, who reported the highest activities at similar temperature and pH levels (Lee et al, 2004; Byeon et al, 2005; Wei et al, 2006; Kim et al, 2008; Willis et al, 2011; Xia et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Different Lignocellulosic Diets on Bacterial Microbiota and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities in the Gut of the Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

et al. 2016

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Cotton boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis, are omnivorous coleopteran that can feed on diets with different compositions, including recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials. We characterized the changes in the prokaryotic community structure and the hydrolytic activities of A. grandis larvae fed on different lignocellulosic diets. A. grandis larvae were fed on three different artificial diets: cottonseed meal (CM), Napier grass (NG) and corn stover (CS). Total DNA was extracted from the gut samples for amplification and sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated the gut microbiota followed by Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and a small number of unclassified phyla in CM and NG microbiomes. In the CS feeding group, members of Spirochaetes were the most prevalent, followed by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Bray–Curtis distances showed that the samples from the CS community were clearly separated from those samples of the CM and NG diets. Gut extracts from all three diets exhibited endoglucanase, xylanase, β-glucosidase and pectinase activities. These activities were significantly affected by pH and temperature across different diets. We observed that the larvae reared on a CM showed significantly higher activities than larvae reared on NG and CS. We demonstrated that the intestinal bacterial community structure varies depending on diet composition. Diets with more variable and complex compositions, such as CS, showed higher bacterial diversity and richness than the two other diets. In spite of the detected changes in composition and diversity, we identified a core microbiome shared between the three different lignocellulosic diets. These results suggest that feeding with diets of different lignocellulosic composition could be a viable strategy to discover variants of hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Different Lignocellulosic Diets on Bacterial Microbiota and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities in the Gut of the Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

et al. 2016

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“…1). Protein alignment followed by phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that NlEG1 is homologous to insect endob-1,4-glucanases and belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF 9); this family is characterized by catalytic domains, including a catalytic nucleophile (Asp-77), a probable secondary nucleophile (Asp-80), and a proton acceptor (Glu-435), and two signature motifs (Nakashima et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2008;Willis et al, 2011;Fig. 1;Supplemental Figs.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Nleg1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice

Chen

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

100

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-5714-7586 (J.Z.); 0000-0002-3262-6134 (Y.L.).The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most destructive insect pests on rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. After landing on plants, BPH rapidly accesses plant phloem and sucks the phloem sap through unknown mechanisms. We discovered a salivary endo-b-1,4-glucanase (NlEG1) that has endoglucanase activity with a maximal activity at pH 6 at 37°C and is secreted into rice plants by BPH. NlEG1 is highly expressed in the salivary glands and midgut. Silencing NlEG1 decreases the capacity of BPH to reach the phloem and reduces its food intake, mass, survival, and fecundity on rice plants. By contrast, NlEG1 silencing had only a small effect on the survival rate of BPH raised on artificial diet. Moreover, NlEG1 secreted by BPH did not elicit the production of the defense-related signal molecules salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in rice, although wounding plus the application of the recombination protein NlEG1 did slightly enhance the levels of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in plants compared with the corresponding controls. These data suggest that NlEG1 enables the BPH's stylet to reach the phloem by degrading celluloses in plant cell walls, thereby functioning as an effector that overcomes the plant cell wall defense in rice.

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“…Cellulase genes are also absent from the recently-sequenced genomes of two butterflies, the monarch Danaus plexippus and the postman Heliconius melpomene [38,39]. A putative GH9 cellulase gene is present in the genome of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum [40]. The unstable nature of cellulase genes is likely to frustrate research in this field, and many more insect genomes will need to be sequenced to derive firm conclusions about the evolutionary origins of insect cellulase genes.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulases from Insects

Fischer

Ostafe

Twyman

2013

Yellow Biotechnology II

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Bioethanol is currently produced by the fermentation of sugary and starchy crops, but waste plant biomass is a more abundant source because sugars can be derived directly from cellulose. One of the limiting steps in the biomass-to-ethanol process is the degradation of cellulose to fermentable sugars (saccharification). This currently relies on the use of bacterial and/or fungal cellulases, which tend to have low activity under biorefinery conditions and are easily inhibited. Some insect species feed on plant biomass and can efficiently degrade cellulose to produce glucose as an energy source. Although insects were initially thought to require symbiotic relationships with bacteria and fungi to break down cellulose, several species in the orders Dictyoptera, Orthoptera, and Coleoptera have now been shown to produce their own cellulases in the midgut or salivary glands, and putative cellulase genes have been identified in other orders. Insect cellulases often work in concert with cellulases provided by symbiotic microbiota in the gut to achieve efficient cellulolysis. We discuss the current status of insect cellulases and potential strategies that could be used to find novel enzymes and improve their efficiency.

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Identification, cloning, and expression of a GHF9 cellulase from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Cited by 45 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Different Lignocellulosic Diets on Bacterial Microbiota and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities in the Gut of the Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

Effect of Different Lignocellulosic Diets on Bacterial Microbiota and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities in the Gut of the Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice

Cellulases from Insects

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