Identification, Nomenclature, Genome Sizes, and Ploidy Levels of Liriope and Ophiopogon Taxa

Lattier, Jason D.; Ranney, Thomas G.; Fantz, Paul R.; Avent, Tony

doi:10.21273/hortsci.49.2.145

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Monoploid 1Cx genome size (i.e., the DNA content of one complete set of chromosomes) was calculated as 2C genome size / ploidy. Chromosome counts were completed for selected taxa to confirm ploidy and further calibrate the flow cytometry results following the methods of Lattier et al (2014). Root squashes were prepared for selected plants by collecting actively growing root tips and placing them in a prefixative solution of 2.0 mM 8-hydroxyquinoline plus 70 mg • L -1 cyclohexamide in the dark at room temperature for 3 h. The roots were then placed in the dark at 4°C for another 3 h. After washing with dH 2 O, the roots were transferred to a fixative solution of 1:3 propionic acid to 95% EtOH at room temperature overnight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cytogenetics, Ploidy, and Genome Sizes of Camellia and Related Genera

Hembree¹,

Ranney²,

Jackson³

et al. 2019

horts

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Camellia L., the most speciose member of the diverse tea family Theaceae, has a long and complex horticultural history. Extensive cultivation and hybridization have produced thousands of varieties of Camellia, including commercially important crops such as cultivated tea, oilseed, and iconic flowering shrubs. Cytogenetics of Camellia and related genera is complicated; chromosome number and ploidy can vary widely between species, and interspecific and interploid hybridization occurs. However, specific information regarding cytogenetics of many species, cultivars, and modern hybrids is lacking. The objectives of this study were to compile a consolidated literature review of the cytogenetics of Camellia and related genera and to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy, and genome sizes of specific accessions of selected species, cultivars, and interspecific and interploid hybrids. A review of the existing literature regarding Theaceae cytogenetics is presented as a consolidated reference comprising 362 taxa. Genome sizes were determined with flow cytometry using propidium iodide as a fluorochrome and Pisum sativum ‘Ctirad' and Magnolia virginiana ‘Jim Wilson’ as internal standards. Chromosome numbers of selected taxa were determined using traditional cytology and were used to calibrate genome sizes with ploidy level. Our results confirmed a base chromosome number of x = 15 for Theeae including Camellia, x = 17 for Stewartiae, and x = 18 for Gordoniae. Surveyed camellias ranged from 2n = 2x = 30 to 2n = 8x = 120, including diploids, triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, hexaploids, and octoploids. Previously uncharacterized taxa such as Camellia azalea, C. amplexicaulis, C. chrysanthoides, C. cordifolia, C. cucphuongensis, C. flava, C. nanyongensis, and C. trichoclada were found to be diploid. Ploidy was also newly determined for Schima argentea, S. khasiana, S. remotiserrata, and S. sinensis (all diploids). Both diploid and triploid Stewartia ovata were found, and a ploidy series was discovered for Polyspora that ranged from diploid to octoploid. Ploidy determinations were used to confirm or challenge the validity of putative interploid hybrids. Monoploid genome sizes varied among subfamily and genera, with 1Cx values ranging from 0.80 pg for Franklinia to a mean of 3.13 pg for Camellia, demonstrating differential rates of genome expansion independent of ploidy. Within Camellia, monoploid genome sizes varied among subgenera, sections, and some species (range, 2.70–3.55 pg). This study provides a consolidated and expanded knowledgebase of ploidy, genome sizes, hybridity, and reproductive pathways for specific accessions of Camellia and related genera that will enhance opportunities and strategies for future breeding and improvement within Theaceae.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A coverslip was placed on the root tip and gently pressed with a pencil eraser to squash the tissue. A light microscope was used to count chromosomes in actively dividing cells and confirm ploidy (Lattier et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetics, Ploidy, and Genome Sizes of Camellia and Related Genera

Hembree¹,

Ranney²,

Jackson³

et al. 2019

horts

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ophiopogon japonicus (OJ), Liriope spicata (LS), and Liriope platyphylla, known as lily turfs or liriopogons, are perennial polyploid herbs (Lattier et al 2014) of the Ruscaceae (formerly assigned to Liliaceae) (Kim et al 2010), which are widely grown as ornamental and medicinal plants. They sometimes become pernicious weeds in gardens, orchards, and public green lands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple mechanism confers natural tolerance of three lilyturf species to glyphosate

Mao

Xie

Chen

et al. 2015

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A combination of unique EPSPS structure and increased gene copy number and expression contribute to natural glyphosate tolerance in three lilyturf species. A few plants are naturally tolerant to glyphosate, the most widely used non-selective herbicide worldwide. Here, the basis for natural tolerance to glyphosate in three lilyturf species, Ophiopogon japonicus (OJ), Liriope spicata (LS), and Liriope platyphylla (LP), is characterized. These species tolerate glyphosate at about five times the commercially recommended field dose. They share three unique amino acids in their 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) that affect glyphosate binding. These correspond to Asp71Met, Ala112Ile, and Val201Met amino acid variations compared to 231 other published plant EPSPS amino acid sequences. There was also a common deletion at 91 of a highly conserved glutamic acid. Glyphosate-treated lilyturf plants accumulated little shikimic acid but had significantly higher levels of EPSPS mRNA than initially expressed in the control. The IC50 of LsEPSPS was 14.0 µM compared to the 5.1 µM of Arabidopsis thaliana. The higher K m and K i values of LsEPSPS kinetics showed that LsEPSPS had lower substrate binding affinity to glyphosate. Overexpression of LsEPSPS in the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain enhanced its tolerance to glyphosate. Both OJ and LS had two copies of the EPSPS gene, while LP had three copies. Therefore, a combination of unique EPSPS structure and increased gene copy number and expression contribute to natural glyphosate tolerance in the three lilyturf species.

show abstract

“…There is limited literature addressing the ecophysiology of lilyturf, except some works on seed germination (Shimomura et al, 2000). Because the roots and tubers of lilyturf are used for a variety of medicinal purposes, most studies on this species have focused on its biological evolution (Huang et al, 2009;Lattier et al, 2014), chemical composition (Kim et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2017), pharmacology and pharmacodynamics (Chang et al, 2005;Choi et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

zhang

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results: Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (P N ) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions: The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf's shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.

show abstract

Identification, Nomenclature, Genome Sizes, and Ploidy Levels of Liriope and Ophiopogon Taxa

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Cytogenetics, Ploidy, and Genome Sizes of Camellia and Related Genera

Cytogenetics, Ploidy, and Genome Sizes of Camellia and Related Genera

Multiple mechanism confers natural tolerance of three lilyturf species to glyphosate

Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About