Identification of 2-alkylcyclobutanones in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

Abstract

The natural existence of the irradiation markers, namely, 2-decylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-dDCB), in nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) has recently been reported. In this study, 2-DCB and 2-dDCB were extracted from nutmeg of 5 different origins using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). A 50-kGy irradiated sample was used to optimize the parameters of SFE and solid-phase extraction. The irradiated samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas the non-irradiated samples were analysed with high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both 2-DCB and 2-dDCB were detected and identified in the irradiated samples at 5 kGy or greater. However, neither was present in the non-irradiated samples. Moreover, although the concentrations of 2-DCB and 2-dDCB were significantly reduced, a positive identification was obtained in irradiated nutmeg even after 30 weeks of storage.

Effects of grape pomace flour on quality parameters of salmon burger

“…Irradiated food is safe in terms of nutrients and pathogen reduction, but can induce the formation of 2‐alkylcyclobutanones in lipid‐containing food, such as grape seeds. This specific radiolytic product is normally excreted through the feces, but remains partially deposited in the adipose tissues (Chen et al, ; Raul et al, ). GPF showed a good cytocompatibility when exposed to mouse fibroblasts cells.…”

Identification of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones in Cashew Nut (Anacardium Occidentale)

“…To date, only the Indian Group has reported the natural existence, and the need to improve analytical methods in order to resolve the emerging possibility that some non-irradiated foods may contain 2-ACBs has been emphasized 11) . In our previous paper, neither 2-DCB nor 2-dDCB was observed in any of the non-irradiated nutmeg samples by using GC-HRMS analysis 12) . Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether 2-dDCB, 2-tDCB and 2-tDeCB exist naturally in non-irradiated cashew nut samples and to determine the production efficacy of the 2-ACBs by irradiation treatment.…”

“…The extraction of 2-ACBs from the cashew nut samples for GC-MS measurement was performed using a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system (Model SFX1220; Teledyne Isco, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) with carbon dioxide 12) . A 1.5-g sample of ground cashew nut was homogenized with wet support (ra- In this extraction process, n-hexane was added frequently to maintain the appropriate n-hexane amount.…”

“…In the present study the condition of SFE was selected as previous report on nutmeg 12) and clean-up of the extract was performed with sulfoxide residue bonded silica stationary phase colmn 15) because of its higher selectivity 16) . This protocol was evaluated with recovery tests in which 2-dDCB and 2-tDCB and 2-tDeCB were spiked at 0.061 g/g, 0.061 g/g and 0.17 g/g into control cashew nut samples and analysed with GC-MS (n = 4).…”

Estudo dos compostos bioativos em especiarias (Syzygium aromaticum L, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume e Myristica fragans Houtt) processadas por radiação ionizante

“…Cromatogramas dos ácidos graxos presentes na parte lipídica da noz-moscada "in natura" controle e processada por radiação ionizante Com este teste, desenvolvido nestas condições de trabalho, não foi possível detectar a formação de novos compostos com o processamento por radiação, porém, outros autores, utilizando metodologias específicas, têm discutido muito na literatura sobre a irradiação formar produtos radiolíticos únicos em alimentos que contenham ácidos graxos, as alcilciclobutanonas (Crone et al, 1992; Stevenson, 1996; Delincée & Pool-Zobel, 1998; Gadgil, 2002; Blanch et al, 2009; Chen et al, 2012), compostos cíclicos formados pela perda de um eletron do oxigênio do grupo carbonil de um ácido graxo ou triglicerideos, seguido de um processo de rearranjo para produzir 2-alcilciclobutanonas específicas para cada ácido graxo. Assim, o ácido palmítico formará a 2-dodecilciclobutanona, o esteárico a 2-tetradecilciclobutanona, o oleico a 2-tetradecenilciclobutanona, o linoleico a tetradecadienilciclobutanona e o mirístico formará a 2decilciclobutanona(Stevenson, 1996;Gadgil et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2012).…”