Identification of a bacterial pathogen associated with <i>Porites</i> white patch syndrome in the Western Indian Ocean

Séré, Geoffroy; Tortosa, Pablo; Chabanet, Pascale; Quod, Jean-Pascal; Sweet, Michael; Schleyer, Michael H.

doi:10.1111/mec.13326

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The bacteria was also shown to re-emerge and cause vibriosis in shellfish hatcheries on the west coast of North America causing decline in larval oyster production of up to ∼59% in one hatchery (Elston et al, 2008). It has also been demonstrated that strains of this species can also cause disease in massive corals in the Indian Ocean (Sere et al, 2015). Although the functional and ecological significance of the association between this bacteria species and Exaiptasia pallida remains to be discovered, our findings indicate that these widely distributed anemones could be reservoirs of the pathogen Vibrio tubiashii .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model,Exaiptasia pallida(Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank

Brown

Otero

Grajales

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Examination of host-microbe interactions in early diverging metazoans, such as cnidarians, is of great interest from an evolutionary perspective to understand how host-microbial consortia have evolved. To address this problem, we analyzed whether the bacterial community associated with the cosmopolitan and model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida shows specific patterns across worldwide populations ranging from the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. By comparing sequences of the V1–V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we revealed that anemones host a complex and diverse microbial community. When examined at the phylum level, bacterial diversity and abundance associated with E. pallida are broadly conserved across geographic space with samples, containing largely Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. However, the species-level makeup within these phyla differs drastically across space suggesting a high-level core microbiome with local adaptation of the constituents. Indeed, no bacterial OTU was ubiquitously found in all anemones samples. We also revealed changes in the microbial community structure after rearing anemone specimens in captivity within a period of four months. Furthermore, the variation in bacterial community assemblages across geographical locations did not correlate with the composition of microalgal Symbiodinium symbionts. Our findings contrast with the postulation that cnidarian hosts might actively select and maintain species-specific microbial communities that could have resulted from an intimate co-evolution process. The fact that E. pallida is likely an introduced species in most sampled localities suggests that this microbial turnover is a relatively rapid process. Our findings suggest that environmental settings, not host specificity, seem to dictate bacterial community structure associated with this sea anemone. More than maintaining a specific composition of bacterial species some cnidarians associate with a wide range of bacterial species as long as they provide the same physiological benefits towards the maintenance of a healthy host. The examination of the previously uncharacterized bacterial community associated with the cnidarian sea anemone model E. pallida is the first global-scale study of its kind.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model,Exaiptasia pallida(Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank

Brown

Otero

Grajales

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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“…Interestingly, in controlled experiments the above stressors have proven insufficient to cause the onset of disease without direct physical injury. Such injury has been shown to occur from contact with macroalgae, direct physical damage and predation for example (Nugues et al, 2004; Nicolet et al, 2013; Séré et al, 2015). For this reason, it has been strongly recommended that any coral reef health monitoring undertaken should consider all possible sign of compromised health and not only those of infectious diseases and bleaching (Raymundo, Couch & Harvell, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline reef health surveys at Bangka Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) reveal new threats

Ponti

Fratangeli²,

Dondi³

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Worldwide coral reef decline appears to be accompanied by an increase in the spread of hard coral diseases. However, whether this is the result of increased direct and indirect human disturbances and/or an increase in natural stresses remains poorly understood. The provision of baseline surveys for monitoring coral health status lays the foundations to assess the effects of any such anthropogenic and/or natural effects on reefs. Therefore, the objectives of this present study were to provide a coral health baseline in a poorly studied area, and to investigate possible correlations between coral health and the level of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. During the survey period, we recorded 20 different types of coral diseases and other compromised health statuses. The most abundant were cases of coral bleaching, followed by skeletal deformations caused by pyrgomatid barnacles, damage caused by fish bites, general pigmentation response and galls caused by cryptochirid crabs. Instances of colonies affected by skeletal eroding bands, and sedimentation damage increased in correlation to the level of bio-chemical disturbance and/or proximity to villages. Moreover, galls caused by cryptochirid crabs appeared more abundant at sites affected by blast fishing and close to a newly opened metal mine. Interestingly, in the investigated area the percentage of corals showing signs of ‘common’ diseases such as black band disease, brown band disease, white syndrome and skeletal eroding band disease were relatively low. Nevertheless, the relatively high occurrence of less common signs of compromised coral-related reef health, including the aggressive overgrowth by sponges, deserves further investigation. Although diseases appear relatively low at the current time, this area may be at the tipping point and an increase in activities such as mining may irredeemably compromise reef health.

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“…The bacteria was also shown to re-emerge and cause vibriosis in shellfish hatcheries on the west coast of North America causing decline in larval oyster production of up to ~59% in one hatchery (Elston et al 2008). It has also been demonstrated that strains of this species can also cause disease in massive corals in the Indian Ocean (Sere et al 2015). Although the functional and ecological significance of the association between this bacteria species and Exaiptasia pallida remains to be discovered, our findings indicate that these widely distributed anemones could be reservoirs of the pathogen Mauricio Rodriguez-…, 2017-1-2 2:10 PM : :…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

Peer Review #1 of "Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model, Exaiptasia pallida (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank (v0.1)"

Prieto-Davo¹

2017

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Examination of host-microbe interactions in early diverging metazoans such as cnidarians is of great interest from an evolutionary perspective to understand how host-microbial consortia have evolved. To address this problem, we analyzed whether the bacterial community associated with the cosmopolitan and model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida shows specific patterns across worldwide populations ranging from the Caribbean Sea, and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. By comparing sequences of the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we revealed that anemones host a complex and diverse microbial community. When examined at the phylum level, bacterial diversity and abundance associated with E. pallida are broadly conserved across geographic space with samples, containing largely Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. However, the species-level makeup within these phyla differs drastically across space suggesting a high-level core microbiome with local adaptation of the constituents. Indeed, no bacterial OTU was ubiquitously found in all anemones samples. We also revealed changes in the microbial community structure after rearing anemone specimens in captivity within a period of four months. Furthermore, the variation in bacterial community assemblages across geographical locations did not correlate with the composition of microalgal Symbiodinium symbionts. Our findings contrast with the postulation that cnidarian hosts might actively select and maintain species-specific microbial communities that could have resulted from an intimate co-evolution process. The fact that E. pallida is likely an introduced species in most sampled localities suggests that this microbial turnover is a relatively rapid process. Our findings suggest that environmental settings, not host specificity seem to dictate bacterial community structure associated with this sea anemone. More than maintaining a specific composition of bacterial species some cnidarians associate with a wide range of bacterial species as long as they provide

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Identification of a bacterial pathogen associated with Porites white patch syndrome in the Western Indian Ocean

Cited by 25 publications

References 60 publications

Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model,Exaiptasia pallida(Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank

Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model,Exaiptasia pallida(Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank

Baseline reef health surveys at Bangka Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) reveal new threats

Peer Review #1 of "Worldwide exploration of the microbiome harbored by the cnidarian model, Exaiptasia pallida (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864) indicates a lack of bacterial association specificity at a lower taxonomic rank (v0.1)"

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