Identification of a brain stone as calcified hemangioma

Kasantikul, Vira; Wirt, Timothy C.; Allen, Vaughan A.; Netsky, Martin G.

doi:10.3171/jns.1980.52.6.0862

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Intra-axial aetiologies of calcifications potentially resulting in formation of brain stones comprise a broad range of pathologies that can be subdivided into neoplastic, vascular, infectious, congenital and endocrine/metabolic [2, 8, 18, 34]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain stones revisited—between a rock and a hard place

et al. 2013

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Objectives and methodsLarge intracranial calcifications are occasionally encountered in routine computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain. These calcifications, also known as “brain stones”, can be classified according to location and aetiology. Combining imaging findings with relevant clinical history and physical examination can help narrow down the differential diagnosis and may allow confident diagnosis in certain situations.ResultsThis article provides a pictorial review illustrating various clinical entities resulting in brain stones.DiscussionBased on location, brain stones can be classified as extra- or intra-axial. Extra-axial brain stones comprise tumours and exaggerated physiological calcifications. Intra-axial brain stones can further be classified according to aetiology, namely neoplastic, vascular, infectious, congenital and endocrine/metabolic. Imaging findings combined with essential clinical information can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis, determining disease state and evaluating effect of therapy.Teaching Points• Based on location, brain stones can be either extra- or intra-axial.• Extra-axial brain stones comprise tumours and exaggerated physiological calcifications.• Intra-axial aetiologies include neoplastic, vascular, infectious, congenital and endocrine/metabolic.• CT scan is the mainstay in identifying and characterising brain stones.• Certain MRI sequences (gradient echo T2* and susceptibility-weighted imaging) are considered adjunctive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition then promotes disruption of intracellular calcium regulation, resulting in calcium deposition [23, 34, 35]. Tumours most likely to calcify and form brain stones include the slow-growing oligodendrogliomas, in which up to 90 % are known to calcify, resulting in typical dense clump-like calcifications (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain stones revisited—between a rock and a hard place

et al. 2013

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“…These cases suggest that among the lesions classified as cerebral hemangiomas or cavernous hemangiomas there may be a group that are low-grade tumors rather than developmental abnormalities. 9,21,24,31 The evidence that cerebral cavernous hemangiomas can be induced in mice by polyoma virus places further doubt on their completely developmental origin in humans? 4as, 33 In addition, there have been reports of combined hemangioma and neurilemmoma, both intracranially and in the peripheral nervous system, 6,2~ and arteriovenous malformations have been found combined with astrocytoma ~9 and oligodendroglioma, s Case Reports…”

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confidence: 98%

Cerebral hemangioma with glial neoplasia (angioglioma?)

Fischer¹,

Sotrel²,

Welch³

1982

Journal of Neurosurgery

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Two patients are reported who had intracerebral mass lesions composed of hemangioma and glial neoplasm. After excision, one recurred as an oligodendroglioma, and the remnant of the other remained static over a 5-year period. These lesions may represent a subgroup of cerebral hemangiomas that have the biological potential for future glial neoplastic growth. Reference is made to experimental work with polyoma virus which can induce cavernous hemangiomas in the central nervous system in mice, and which is a papovavirus. Other papovaviruses can induce ependymomas in hamsters.

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“…Hemorrhage is common in intracranial tumors, because the tumor essentially begins uncontrolled neovascularization to ensure its nourishment, forms intralesional arteriovenous shunts and consequently induces necrosis. This process deteriorates intracellular calcium regulation and leads to calcium build-up (Kasantikul et al 1980; Trump et al 1984). The most widely known calcified tumors are oligodendrogliomas, 90% of which display calcification (Makariou and Patsalides 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six different extremely calcified lesions of the brain: brain stones

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThis study aimed to extend clinical documentation of cerebral calculi by reporting six cases of cerebral calculi with distinct etiologies and localizations. MethodsWe evaluated the age, sex distribution, presenting symptoms, neurological examination findings, pathology results, and location of the calcifications of six patients with intracranial calcifications.ResultsThree of the six patients with brain stones were female (50%), and three were male (50%). The patient ages ranged from 12 to 46 years. A radiological examination of each patient’s cranium was performed with pre-operative cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. All of the lesions were completely excised. The patients’ pathologies were determined to be distinct hyalinization, dystrophic calcification, hamartoma, ossification developing from widespread pituitary adenoma tissue, benign mesenchymal neoplasia, a mass consisting of sporadically ossified fibrous tissue, and angiomatous meningioma with distinct hyalinization and fibrosis.ConclusionsIntracranial calcifications are a common phenomenon in neurosurgical practice. However, brain stones, as well as solid calcifications also termed cerebral calculi, are rarely encountered. Brain stones can be classified on the basis of their etiology and localization. Additionally, we suggest that lesions smaller than 1 cm might be classified as calcifications and those greater than 1 cm as brain stones. We further suggest that the differentiation between calcification and brain stones might be based on size. These pathologies typically manifest as seizures and are occasionally identified during routine brain tomography. Meningiomas constitute an important portion of extra-axial calcifications, whereas tumorous and vascular causes are more prevalent among intra-axial calcifications.

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Identification of a brain stone as calcified hemangioma

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Brain stones revisited—between a rock and a hard place

Brain stones revisited—between a rock and a hard place

Cerebral hemangioma with glial neoplasia (angioglioma?)

Six different extremely calcified lesions of the brain: brain stones

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