Identification of a female determinant gene for the sexual determination of a hemipteran insect, the brown planthopper

Zhuo, Ji-Chong; Zhang, Hou‐Hong; Xie, Yucheng; Li, Hanjing; Hu, Qiong; Zhang, Chuan‐Xi

doi:10.1101/775577

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, the silencing of SR gene NlSRp54 greatly decreases the survival of virulent BPH on resistant Mudgo rice, implicating an essential role of AS in the BPH-rice interaction and possibly in the rice resistance breakdown [ 158 ]. Another splicing factor ‘female determinant factor’ (NlFmd) modulates sex determination in BPH by regulating female-specific AS of the most conserved gene in sex determination cascade doublesex ( Nldsx ), and is, thus, important for female development [ 170 ]. Interestingly, NlFmd is itself alternatively spliced into female-specific NlFmd-F and sex nonspecific NlFmd-C isoforms, suggesting two layers of regulation on sex determination of BPH.…”

Section: Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, NlFmd is itself alternatively spliced into female-specific NlFmd-F and sex nonspecific NlFmd-C isoforms, suggesting two layers of regulation on sex determination of BPH. Further, silencing of NlFmd-F , but not NlFmd-C , impairs the female-specific splicing of Nldsx and produces infertile females [ 170 ], which indicates that RNAi strategy can be used to develop sterile females for sustainable insect control, and thus, for the diminished biotic stress in rice.…”

Section: Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress-Induced Changes in Alternative Splicing Landscape in Rice: Functional Significance of Splice Isoforms in Stress Tolerance

Ganie

Reddy

2021

Biology

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Improvements in yield and quality of rice are crucial for global food security. However, global rice production is substantially hindered by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Making further improvements in rice yield is a major challenge to the rice research community, which can be accomplished through developing abiotic stress-resilient rice varieties and engineering durable agrochemical-independent pathogen resistance in high-yielding elite rice varieties. This, in turn, needs increased understanding of the mechanisms by which stresses affect rice growth and development. Alternative splicing (AS), a post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism, allows rapid changes in the transcriptome and can generate novel regulatory mechanisms to confer plasticity to plant growth and development. Mounting evidence indicates that AS has a prominent role in regulating rice growth and development under stress conditions. Several regulatory and structural genes and splicing factors of rice undergo different types of stress-induced AS events, and the functional significance of some of them in stress tolerance has been defined. Both rice and its pathogens use this complex regulatory mechanism to devise strategies against each other. This review covers the current understanding and evidence for the involvement of AS in biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes, and its relevance to rice growth and development. Furthermore, we discuss implications of AS for the virulence of different rice pathogens and highlight the areas of further research and potential future avenues to develop climate-smart and disease-resistant rice varieties.

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Section: Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Changes in Alternative Splicing Landscape in Rice: Functional Significance of Splice Isoforms in Stress Tolerance

Ganie

Reddy

2021

Biology

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“…In Bombyx , lacking tra ortholog, the sex-specific splicing regulation of the dsx gene is different ( Figure 2 F). A splicing factor might have replaced the function as Tra in transformer -less species during evolution [ 9 , 62 , 63 ]. PSI is a KH-domain RNA-binding splicing factor that regulates tissue-specific alternative splicing of P-element transposon transcripts to restrict transposition activity to germ-line tissues and that influences development and mating behavior in flies [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Masculinizers the Possible Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sex Determination Cascade in the Silkworm

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

Genes

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In insects, sex determination pathways involve three levels of master regulators: primary signals, which determine the sex; executors, which control sex-specific differentiation of tissues and organs; and transducers, which link the primary signals to the executors. The primary signals differ widely among insect species. In Diptera alone, several unrelated primary sex determiners have been identified. However, the doublesex (dsx) gene is highly conserved as the executor component across multiple insect orders. The transducer level shows an intermediate level of conservation. In many, but not all examined insects, a key transducer role is performed by transformer (tra), which controls sex-specific splicing of dsx. In Lepidoptera, studies of sex determination have focused on the lepidopteran model species Bombyx mori (the silkworm). In B. mori, the primary signal of sex determination cascade starts from Fem, a female-specific PIWI-interacting RNA, and its targeting gene Masc, which is apparently specific to and conserved among Lepidoptera. Tra has not been found in Lepidoptera. Instead, the B. mori PSI protein binds directly to dsx pre-mRNA and regulates its alternative splicing to produce male- and female-specific transcripts. Despite this basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination, the links among the primary signals, transducers and executors remain largely unknown in Lepidoptera. In this review, we focus on the latest findings regarding the functions and working mechanisms of genes involved in feminization and masculinization in Lepidoptera and discuss directions for future research of sex determination in the silkworm.

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“…Knock out of NIFmd gene from BPH produces only male population (Zhou et al, 2019). This result indicates that inhibition of NIFmd gene in BPH reproduces only male population when these male mate with other female available in field, their next generation will be all male also.Moreover, NlFmd homologs play roles during the sex determination of the whitebacked planthopper (Sogotella furcifera), and the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) (Zhuo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Application Of Gene Drive Technique For Rice Insect Pest Man...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RNA guide will incorporate sequences to target a NIFmd gene that is useful to clearly identify if the system is working. Gene may be the sex-specific transcript of NIFmd (NIFmd-F) encodes an arginine/serine, and proline-rich protein that is essential for female development (Zhuo et al, 2019). This system may have the following components: (1) Cas9 endonuclease required for DNA cleavage, (2) sgRNA containing the 20 base target sequence for the sex-specific transcript of NIFmd (NIFmd-F) that is essential for female development as well as the region that forms a complex with the Cas9 nuclease, and (3) the 'cargo' gene controlling the desired trait pass generation to generation.…”

Section: Application Of Gene Drive Technique For Rice Insect Pest Man...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

et al. 2021

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The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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Identification of a female determinant gene for the sexual determination of a hemipteran insect, the brown planthopper

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Stress-Induced Changes in Alternative Splicing Landscape in Rice: Functional Significance of Splice Isoforms in Stress Tolerance

Stress-Induced Changes in Alternative Splicing Landscape in Rice: Functional Significance of Splice Isoforms in Stress Tolerance

The Sex Determination Cascade in the Silkworm

A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

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