“…Immunofluorescence studies in MHV Yu et al, 1994), SARS-CoV (Liao et al, 2006;Nieto-Torres et al, 2011), IBV (Corse and Machamer, 2000), and TGEV (Godet et al, 1992) infected cells demonstrate that the majority of the E protein localizes to juxtanuclear membranes. The precise origin of these juxtanuclear membranes containing E appears to vary somewhat from virus to virus and from study to study, with E being reported to colocalize with Golgi markers (Corse and Machamer, 2000) and with ER markers for IBV ; SARS-CoV E protein has been reported to colocalize with Golgi (Cohen et al, 2011;Liao et al, 2006), ER (Nal et al, 2005), or ERGIC markers (Nieto- Torres et al, 2011); MHV E protein colocalizes with ER and ERGIC markers ; TGEV E protein colocalizes with the ERGIC markers (Ortego et al, 2007). Although most studies examining E protein localization did not report E as being present on plasma membranes but rather in an intracellular membranous compartment (see above), several studies reported that a small fraction of E protein could also be detected on plasma membranes (Godet et al, 1992;Pervushin et al, 2009;Yuan et al, 2006a).…”