Identification of a monopartite begomovirus associated with yellow vein mosaic of Mentha longifolia in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Mentha is a very important crop grown and used extensively for many purposes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Begomoviruses are whitefly-transmitted viruses causing serious disease in many important plants exhibiting variable symptoms with significant economic loss globally. During farmers' field survey, yellow vein mosaic disease was observed in plants growing near tomato fields in Saudi Arabia. The causative agent was identified in 11 out of 19 samples using begomovirus-specific primers and the association of begomovirus with yellow vein mosaic disease in was confirmed. The full-length viral genome and betasatellite were amplified, cloned, and sequenced bidirectionally. The full DNA-A genome was found to have 2785 nucleotides with 1365 bp-associated betasatellite molecule. An attempt was made to amplify DNA-B, but none of the samples produced any positive amplicon of expected size which indicated the presence of monopartite begomovirus. The sequence identity matrix and phylogenetic analysis, based on full genome showed the highest identity (99.6%) with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and in phylogenetic analysis it formed a closed cluster with Tomato leaf curl virus infecting tomato and Corchorus crop in Saudi Arabia. The sequence analysis results of betasatellites showed the highest identity (98.9%) with Tomato yellow leaf curl betasatellites infecting tomato and phylogenetic analysis using betasatellites formed a close cluster with Tomato yellow leaf curl betasatellites infecting tomato and Corchorus crops, which has already been reported to cause yellow vein mosaic and leaf curl disease in many cultivated and weed crops growing in Saudi Arabia. The identified begomovirus associated with yellow vein mosaic disease in mentha could be a mutated strain of TYLCV and tentatively designated as TYLCV-Mentha isolate. Based on published data and latest information, this is the first report of identification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus associated with yellow vein mosaic disease of from Saudi Arabia.

Mentha longifolia alleviates experimentally induced angina via decreasing cardiac load

“…The genus Mentha belongs to the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae), and consists of about 25–30 species one of which is Mentha longifolia (L.) (Sohrab & Daur, ), also called Habak, Horse mint or wild mint and cultivated in Al‐Madinah Al‐Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There have been observations for its beneficial effects in common cold, fever, sinusitis, cough, bronchitis, intestinal colic, indigestion, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, and menstrual disturbances (Mokaberinejad et al, ).…”

“…The genus Mentha belongs to the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae), and consists of about 25-30 species one of which is Mentha longifolia (L.) (Sohrab & Daur, 2018), also called Habak, Horse mint or wild mint and cultivated in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.…”

Molecular diagnosis of begomovirus associated with Chilli leaf curl disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

“…The genetic diversity of and variability of TYLCV and Chilli leaf curl virus from Solanaceous crops have been reported earlier from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Arabian Peninsula and South East Asia ( Idris et al, 2012 , Idris et al, 2014 , Khan et al, 2013 , Hosseinzadeh et al, 2014 , Kenyon et al, 2014 ). So far, only a few begomoviruses in the Kingdom such as TYLCV and ToLCSDV causing disease in Tomato, Cucumber, Sponge gourd, Squash, Mentha, Corchorus, Amaranthus, and Okra have been reported ( Idris et al, 2012 , Idris et al, 2014 , Al-Saleh et al, 2014 , Sohrab, 2016 , 2017a , 2017b , Sohrab, 2020 , Sohrab et al, 2016 , Sohrab and Daur, 2018a , 2018b ). The Association of ChiLCV and betasatellite infecting crops has been reported from Oman ( Khan et al, 2013 , Shahid et al, 2019 ).…”

“…The virus infection was initially confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using begomovirus specific coat protein gene primers. The PCR condition was followed as per earlier published paper ( Sohrab and Daur, 2018a , Sohrab and Daur, 2018b ). The PCR reaction mixture was set up with purified DNA, Taq polymerase (2.5 units) (MBI; Fermentas, USA), 10X PCR buffer (5 μl), 10 mM dNTPs (0.5 μl), forward and reverse primers (0.5 μl) (10 pmol each) and final volume was made to 50 μl by using sterile distilled water.…”

“…So far, viral diseases including begomovirus on various crops have been identified from the Arabian region and neighboring countries like; Nile Basin, Oman, Yemen, and Iran ( Al-Shahwan et al, 1997 , Ghanem et al, 2003 , Ajlan et al, 2007 , Idris et al, 2012 , Idris et al, 2014 , Khan et al, 2013 , Hosseinzadeh et al, 2014 , Al-Saleh et al, 2014 , Sohrab, 2016 , Khan and Khan, 2017 , Shahid et al, 2019 ). The begomovirus and their associated satellites infecting other crops like Amaranthus, Beans, Cucurbits, Corchorus, Mentha, Tomato and weeds have been identified earlier from the Arabian region ( Al-Shahwan et al, 1997 , Ghanem et al, 2003 , Ajlan et al, 2007 , Idris et al, 2012 , Idris et al, 2014 , Hosseinzadeh et al, 2014 , Al-Saleh et al, 2014 , Sohrab, 2016 , 2017a , 2017b , Sohrab, 2020 , Sohrab et al, 2016 , Sohrab and Daur, 2018a , 2018b ).…”