Identification of a novel locus, BPH38(t), conferring resistance to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) using early backcross population in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

Rice is the most important staple food crop, and it feeds more than half of the world population. Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major insect pest of rice that causes 20–80% yield loss through direct and indirect damage. The identification and use of BPH resistance genes can efficiently manage BPH. A molecular marker-based genetic analysis of BPH resistance was carried out using 101 BC1F5 mapping population derived from a cross between a BPH-resistant indica variety Khazar and an elite BPH-susceptible line Huang–Huan–Zhan. The genetic analysis indicated the existence of Mendelian segregation for BPH resistance. A total of 702 high-quality polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, genotypic data, and precisely estimated BPH scores were used for molecular mapping, which resulted in the identification of the BPH38(t) locus on the long arm of chromosome 1 between SNP markers 693,369 and id 10,112,165 of 496.2 kb in size with LOD of 20.53 and phenotypic variation explained of 35.91%. A total of 71 candidate genes were predicted in the detected locus. Among these candidate genes, LOC_Os01g37260 was found to belong to the FBXL class of F-box protein possessing the LRR domain, which is reported to be involved in biotic stress resistance. Furthermore, background analysis and phenotypic selection resulted in the identification of introgression lines (ILs) possessing at least 90% recurrent parent genome recovery and showing superior performance for several agro-morphological traits. The BPH resistance locus and ILs identified in the present study will be useful in marker-assisted BPH resistance breeding programs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10681-019-2506-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Recent Strategies for Detection and Improvement of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in Rice: A Review

“…Application of molecular markers facilitates and hastens the desired gene introgression processes due to the fact that it saves time on mass or phenotypic selection, reduces the costs involved and accords more reliability to the selection result, which is free from the effect of environmental actors [ 66 , 67 ]. Several molecular markers have been adopted for the detection and introgression of genes that accord BPH resistance in rice, and they are sequence-tagged sites (STSs) [ 38 , 62 ], simple sequence repeats (SSRs) [ 32 , 64 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) [ 63 , 73 ], single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [ 13 , 31 , 74 ], rapid amplified polymorphisms DNAs (RAPDs) [ 62 , 75 ], rapid fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) [ 63 , 73 , 76 , 77 ], and insertion deletions (InDels) [ 28 , 33 , 34 , 78 , 79 ].…”

“…As reported in the literature so far, above 37 genes/QTLs that administer BPH resistance have been discovered [ 13 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 78 , 79 , 103 ] These genes have been designated to different locations on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 [ 104 , 105 , 106 ]. In addition, five BPH resistance gene clusters ( Table 2 ) have been reported from four (3, 4, 6 and 12) of the ten chromosomes [ 13 , 27 ]. Basically, a gene cluster refers to a combination of two or more genes that are in close proximity to each other in similar chromosomal positions, and they may, generally, perform a similar function.…”

“…Currently, the insect pest has been described as the most damaging rice pest in Asia [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Heavy infestation by BPH can result to direct and indirect yield losses of 20–80% in sensitive cultivars [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. When the pest damage becomes established, it is very difficult to control and, thus, yield reduction is certain [ 14 ].…”

“…In addition, genetic knowledge of BPH resistance and its population dynamics are important for plant breeders when deciding on the appropriate breeding strategies to be deployed [ 18 ]. To curtail BPH attack, various management strategies have been utilised in Asian countries [ 13 ]. Frequent usage of chemicals to overcome BPH attack can result in deleterious consequences to the pests’ natural enemies [ 17 ], causing toxicity to the environment and increasing the cost of production and health hazards to humans [ 22 ].…”

“…All the above previous reviewers have made significant contributions in providing substantial information about BPH-resistant gene loci discovered up until their research [ 25 ]. However, many more gene loci have been documented since then [ 13 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], and there is a need to update the rice scientific community on the journey made so far. This will help the scientists in no small way when planning their BPH breeding programme.…”