Identification of a Novel Retrieval-dependent Memory Process in the Crab Neohelice granulata

Merlo, Santiago A.; Santos, M. Jimena; Pedreira, Marı́a Eugenia; Merlo, Emiliano

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.035

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…"We argue that the [greatly reduced] involvement of the dlPFC in Day 2 extinction can distinguish the two paradigms." (p. 303) These findings add considerable weight to the conclusion from several earlier studies that the memory reconsolidation process and standard extinction are fundamentally different processes with different behavioral effects, memory encoding effects, brain region effects, and molecular cascade effects [20][21][22][23]36,39].…”

Section: A14 2018 Chen Et Al [61]: "Effects Of Prediction Error On Post-retrieval Extinction Of Fear To Compound Stimuli"supporting

confidence: 52%

“…However, the actual functioning and effects of that series on Day 2, producing memory updating and annulment, differ fundamentally from standard extinction's behavioral effects, memory encoding effects, neural network engagement effects, and molecular cascade effects, as numerous studies have shown (reviewed by [46] (pp. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; and again demonstrated recently by comparative fMRI imagining [63]). Many experimental results indicate that updating directly modifies the target memory [26], whereas extinction creates a separate memory that competes with the target memory [184].…”

Section: A1 2010 Schiller Et Al [7]: "Preventing the Return Of Fear In Humans Using Reconsolidation Update Mechanisms"mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Complete, permanent nullification of an acquired emotional response has never been observed to result from standard extinction procedures, which suppress the target response only temporarily and, in many cases, only partially [18,19]. Several studies have determined that extinction and MR are dissociable, distinct phenomena at behavioral, neural, and molecular levels [20][21][22][23]. Duvarci and Nader [20] (p. 9269) concluded, "Reconsolidation cannot be reduced down to facilitated extinction."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconsolidation behavioral updating of human emotional memory: A comprehensive review and unified analysis of successes, replication failures, and clinical translation

Ecker¹

2021

Preprint

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The annulment of a human emotional memory through reconsolidation behavioral updating has been documented in over twenty laboratory studies since the first such report in 2010. However, fourteen studies have reported non-replication, the cause(s) of which remain unclear. This review examines all successful and unsuccessful studies in detail, in an attempt to identify (a) the specific probable causes of non-replication and (b) how clinical translation might optimally be designed. For analyzing non-replications, a set of criteria is defined for principled identification of specific moments of prediction error (PE) in experimental procedures, including latent cause transitions, based on a preponderance of empirical evidence. A previously overlooked element of experimental procedure is in that way identified as being potentially decisive, and a unified, testable explanation is proposed for behavioral updating successes and failures in terms of the presence or absence of a PE experience. That in turn allows successful studies to be compared for the internal experiences induced in subjects, rather than compared for their external procedures, revealing an invariant set of three experiences shared by all successful updating studies despite their diverse procedures. Clinical translation, defined as replication of those experiences, not any particular procedure, is illustrated by an actual case, one of many published cases that have documented prompt transformational change produced by that specific methodology, suggesting memory reconsolidation as the mechanism of change. Lastly, the core empirical findings of successful reconsolidation updating studies are compared with previously proposed frameworks of memory reconsolidation in psychotherapy, exposing significant departures from scientific fidelity.

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Section: A14 2018 Chen Et Al [61]: "Effects Of Prediction Error On Post-retrieval Extinction Of Fear To Compound Stimuli"supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: A1 2010 Schiller Et Al [7]: "Preventing the Return Of Fear In Humans Using Reconsolidation Update Mechanisms"mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reconsolidation behavioral updating of human emotional memory: A comprehensive review and unified analysis of successes, replication failures, and clinical translation

Ecker¹

2021

Preprint

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“…The appeal is clear: with a single memory reactivation followed by the one-time administration of an amnesic agent they offer the opportunity to target maladaptive memories, promising lower rates of relapse [ 3 ]. Research on fears acquired in the laboratory (i.e., conditioned fears) indicates that reconsolidation depends upon the learning history, including the age and strength of the targeted memory, where older and stronger memories are more resistant to reconsolidation [ 4 , 5 ], and the interaction between what has already been learned and what occurs during the reactivation procedure (e.g., refs. [ 6 , 7 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pavlovian fear-conditioning research in animals and humans has indicated that while prediction error is a necessary condition for reconsolidation, it is not sufficient. Instead, the amount of prediction error in the reactivation procedure is critical to which post-retrieval memory process occurs [ 21 ]: Reconsolidation occurs when prediction error is present but limited, extinction learning occurs when prediction error is extensive, and limbo—an insensitive state in between reconsolidation and extinction—occurs when the amount of prediction error is too high for reconsolidation and insufficient for extinction [ 5 , 7 , 22 ]. Note that, prediction error (or the quantity thereof) is not an independent quality of the reactivation procedure: it depends entirely upon how the experience at the reactivation procedure aligns with the learning history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over the Edge: Extending the duration of a reconsolidation intervention for spider fear

et al. 2022

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Pharmacologically disrupting fear memory reconsolidation dramatically reduces fear behaviour. For example, 2–3 min of tarantula exposure followed by 40 mg of propranolol HCl (i.e., a reconsolidation intervention) abruptly decreased spider avoidance, an effect that persisted one year later. However, the success of reconsolidation interventions is not guaranteed: Pavlovian fear-conditioning research shows that the window to target memory reconsolidation is small and easy to miss. If exposure is too long to trigger reconsolidation, but too short for extinction learning, an inactive transitional limbo state occurs, rendering the fear memory unchanged and insensitive to amnesic agents. In this pre-registered study, we aimed to find this behaviourally-controlled boundary condition. Spider-fearful participants underwent a ~3 min (n = 23) or ~14 min (n = 20) exposure to a tarantula, intended to trigger reconsolidation or the limbo state respectively, followed by 40 mg of propranolol. We expected greater spider fear reduction after 3 than 14 min of exposure. Unexpectedly, there were no group differences on any outcome measures. In both groups, Bayesian analysis revealed a marked reduction in fear behaviour towards a generalisation stimulus (a house spider) accompanied by lower self-reported distress, with a sharp decline in spider fear scores two days after treatment that persisted one year later. Possible explanations include that the boundary conditions of reconsolidation are wider in older and stronger memories than experimentally-induced fears, or that alternative processes caused the treatment effects. Although the mechanism is unclear, these results carry a tentative promising message for the potential of brief reconsolidation-targeting interventions to mitigate irrational fears.

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Memory persistence: from fundamental mechanisms to translational opportunities

Merlo,

Belluscio,

Pedreira

et al. 2024

Transl Psychiatry

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Memory persistence is a double edge sword. Persistence of adaptive memories is essential for survival and even determines who we are. Neurodegenerative conditions with significant memory loss such as Alzheimer’s disease, testify how defects of memory persistence have severe and irreversible effects on personality, among other symptoms. Yet, maintenance of overly strong maladaptive memories underlies highly debilitating psychiatric conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, substance dependence and binge eating disorder. Here we review the neurobiological mechanisms supporting memory formation, persistence, inhibition and forgetting. We then shift the focus to how such mechanisms have been exploited to alter the persistence of laboratory-generated memories in human healthy volunteers as a proof of concept. Finally, we review the effect of behavioural and pharmacological interventions in anxiety and addiction disorder patients, highlighting key findings, gaps, and future directions for basic and translational research.

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Identification of a Novel Retrieval-dependent Memory Process in the Crab Neohelice granulata

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Reconsolidation behavioral updating of human emotional memory: A comprehensive review and unified analysis of successes, replication failures, and clinical translation

Reconsolidation behavioral updating of human emotional memory: A comprehensive review and unified analysis of successes, replication failures, and clinical translation

Over the Edge: Extending the duration of a reconsolidation intervention for spider fear

Memory persistence: from fundamental mechanisms to translational opportunities

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