Identification of a Novel Risk Model: A Five-Gene Prognostic Signature for Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract

Objective. Biomarkers for pancreatic cancer (PCa) prognosis provide evidence for improving the survival outcome of this disease. This study aimed to identify a prognostic risk model based on gene expression profiling of microarray bioinformatics analysis. Methods. Prognostic immune genes in the TCGA-PAAD cohort were identified using the univariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression (stepAIC) was used to identify prognostic genes from the top 20 hub genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A prognostic risk model was established and its performance in predicting the overall survival in PCa was validated in GSE62452. Gene mutations and infiltration immune cells in PCa tumors were analyzed using online databases. Results. Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses identified 128 prognostic genes. Multivariate Cox regression (stepAIC) identified five prognostic genes (PLCG1, MET, TNFSF10, CXCL9, and TLR3) out of the 20 hub genes in the PPI network. A prognostic risk model was established using the signature of five genes. This model had moderate to high accuracies (AUC > 0.700) in predicting 3-year and 5-year overall survival in TCGA and GSE62452 cohorts. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that high-risk scores were correlated with poor survival outcomes in PCa ( p < 0.05 ). Also, mutations in the five genes were related to poor survival. The five genes were related to multiple immune cells. Conclusions. The prognostic risk model was significantly correlated with the survival in PCa patients. This model modulated PCa tumor progression and prognosis by regulating immune cell infiltration.

A novel natural killer cell-related signatures to predict prognosis and chemotherapy response of pancreatic cancer patients

“…A number of studies had proposed potential roles of these NKGs in PC. For instance, the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10), also known as TRAIL, encodes a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family, it preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells and was proposed as a prognostic indicator of PC ( Wang et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). As a well-known driver gene, KRAS frequently mutated in PC patients ( Waters and Der, 2018 ), our data revealed that KRAS was the most mutated gene in the TCGA-PAAD cohort.…”

Retracted: Identification of a Novel Risk Model: A Five‐Gene Prognostic Signature for Pancreatic Cancer

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”