Identification of a short interspersed repetitive element insertion polymorphism in the porcine<i>MX1</i>promoter associated with resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Li, Yanping; Liang, Sen; Liu, Hao; Sun, Yuena; Li, Kang; Jiang, Yuming

doi:10.1111/age.12316

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…MX1 also conferred protection against the influenza A virus, classical swine fever virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in studies performed in vitro [37]. The mutation studied here was associated with higher MX1 expression in vitro [13]. In our data, this mutation showed the strongest association with a low abortion rate (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The next gene marker tested was a 275-bp insertion in the proximal promoter of the MX1 gene (MX Dynamin Like GTPase 1), which enhances the transcriptional activity of this gene, mediating the humoral response to infection with PRRSV [13]. As with GBP1 and GBP5 , MX1 encodes a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-metabolizing protein, whose expression is induced by interferons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small number of genetic markers have been studied in relation to the respiratory [7,8,9] and reproductive [3,10] phases of PRRSV or the in vitro responses to PRRSV cell infection [11,12,13,14]. However, none have been assessed to date in relation to the incidence of abortion during a PRRSV outbreak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Markers Associated with Field PRRSV-Induced Abortion Rates

Pena

Fernández²,

Blasco-Felip³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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In gilts and sows, the more severe clinical manifestation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) occurs in late gestation and can result in up to a 40% abortion incidence. Despite the known genetic component in resilience to PRRSV, there is scarce information regarding the abortive outcome of this disease. We tested the relationship between eight molecular markers (six from published studies and two identified in the present study in the HDAC6 gene) and the probability of abortion during a PRRSV outbreak, using data from two commercial Landrace x Large White sow farms with an incidence of abortion of 35% and 17%. From the markers tested, USP18_-1533G>A did not segregate in these populations, and CD163_c.3534C>T and HDAC6_g.2360C>T did not affect the abortion rate. In contrast, the minor allele of two markers in SSC4 (WUR1000125 in GBP1 and rs340943904 in GBP5), which lower viremia in growing pigs, and the major alleles of CD163_rs1107556229 and HDAC6_rs325981825 were associated with a lower probability of abortion during PRRSV outbreaks. The more striking result was for the MX1 gene, where the odds ratio of aborting versus not aborting was nine times lower in the sows homozygous for a 275-bp insertion than in the other genotypes. Interactions between markers were not relevant. All together, we bring here the first evidence that mutations in the host genome can predispose or protect from complete reproductive failure in sows infected with PRRSV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Markers Associated with Field PRRSV-Induced Abortion Rates

Pena

Fernández²,

Blasco-Felip³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…Up to now, no microRNA variability has been described in association with PRRS resistance/susceptibility. However, the porcine microRNAome has been studied in PRRSV-infection and the expression of several microRNAs is altered by PRRSV infection [42,47,64]. These results could lead to microRNA-based anti-PRRSV therapies in the future.…”

Section: The Role Of Microrna Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic resistance - an alternative for controlling PRRS?

Reiner

2016

Porc Health Manag

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PRRS is one of the most challenging diseases for world-wide pig production. Attempts for a sustainable control of this scourge by vaccination have not yet fully satisfied. With an increasing knowledge and methodology in disease resistance, a new world-wide endeavour has been started to support the combat of animal diseases, based on the existence of valuable gene variants with regard to any host-pathogen interaction. Several groups have produced a wealth of evidence for natural variability in resistance/susceptibility to PRRS in our commercial breeding lines. However, up to now, exploiting existing variation has failed because of the difficulty to detect the carriers of favourable and unfavourable alleles, especially with regard to such complex polygenic traits like resistance to PRRS. New hope comes from new genomic tools like next generation sequencing which have become extremely fast and low priced. Thus, research is booming world-wide and the jigsaw puzzle is filling up – slowly but steadily. On the other hand, knowledge from virological and biomedical basic research has opened the way for an “intervening way”, i.e. the modification of identified key genes that occupy key positions in PRRS pathogenesis, like CD163. CD163 was identified as the striking receptor in PRRSV entry and its knockout from the genome by gene editing has led to the production of pigs that were completely resistant to PRRSV – a milestone in modern pig breeding. However, at this early step, concerns remain about the acceptance of societies for gene edited products and regulation still awaits upgrading to the new technology. Further questions arise with regard to upcoming patents from an ethical and legal point of view. Eventually, the importance of CD163 for homeostasis, defence and immunity demands for more insight before its complete or partial silencing can be answered. Whatever path will be followed, even a partial abolishment of PRRSV replication will lead to a significant improvement of the disastrous herd situation, with a significant impact on welfare, performance, antimicrobial consumption and consumer protection. Genetics will be part of a future solution.

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“…Although LINEs and SINEs are usually located in the regions without genes, some of them can also be found within introns. [6][7][8] Some specialized retrotransposons serve as telomeres, mostly in insects, like non-LTR retrotransposons, HeT-A, TART and Tahre in Drosophila melanogaster. [9] The unique (non-repetitive) sequences or sequences with very little repeats occupy ∼ 50 -60 % of mammalian DNA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrachromosomal DNA in Genome (in)Stability – Role of Telomeres

Nanić¹,

Ravlić²,

Rubelj³

2016

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Eukaryotic genome consists of long linear chromosomes. It is complex in its content and has dynamic features. It mostly consists of non-coding DNA of various repeats, often prone to recombination including creation of extrachromosomal DNA which can be re-integrated into distant parts of the genome, often in different chromosome. These events are usually part of normal genome function enabling molecular response to changes in the cell or organism's environment and enabling their evolutionary development as well. These mechanisms also contribute to genome instability as in the case of abnormal immortalization like in cancer cells. Telomeres are among most important repetitive sequences, located at the end of linear chromosomes. They serve as guardians of genome stability but they also have dynamic features playing important role in cell aging and immortalization, both as chromosomal components or as extrachromosomal DNA. Also, recombination events on telomeres provide plausible explanation for stochastic nature of cell senescence, a phenomenon unjustly overlooked in broader literature.Keywords: extrachromosomal DNA, genome stability, satellite DNA, telomeres, cell aging. EUKARYO TIC GENOMEIZE of eukaryotic genomes often are not correlated with their genetic complexity. These differences do not come from significant variation in the number of genes but rather from content of several types of non-coding sequences that make large part of the genome. Although the number and the size of chromosomes differ between eukaryotic species, their basic structure is identical for all eukaryotes. The DNA and corresponding proteins in the interphase nucleus is called chromatin. The degree of chromatin condensation changes throughout the cell cycle. Part of the chromatin that is relaxed in the interphase is called euchromatin and mostly contains active genes. The remaining ∼ 10 % of the interphase chromatin represents heterochromatin which is condensed and transcriptionally suppressed because it mostly consists of highly repetitive DNA sequences. Thus, the structure of chromatin in eukaryotes is closely correlated with the control of gene expression.During the cell division the chromatin progressively condenses forming metaphase chromosomes, in which the DNA density increases up to 10 000 times. [1] THE REPETITIVE DNA CON TENT OF THE GENOME Repetitive sequences represent the most variable component which plays significant role in the complexity and dynamic of eukaryotic genomes. Approximately 50 % of the human genome is comprised of repetitive DNA. Types of repetitive sequences can be determined based on the kinetics of their reassociation upon denaturation. [2][3][4][5] Highly repetitive DNA represents ∼ 30 -45 % of mammalian DNA and reassociates quickly after denaturation. It consists of three subgroups of repetitive DNA. i) Satellite DNA is usually 100 kilo base (kb) to 1 mega base (mb) long and spans centromeric areas. In human genome, alphoid satellite DNA with 171 base pairs (bp) long repeats occupies 3 -5 % of the...

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Identification of a short interspersed repetitive element insertion polymorphism in the porcineMX1promoter associated with resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Genetic Markers Associated with Field PRRSV-Induced Abortion Rates

Genetic Markers Associated with Field PRRSV-Induced Abortion Rates

Genetic resistance - an alternative for controlling PRRS?

Extrachromosomal DNA in Genome (in)Stability – Role of Telomeres

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