Identification of a tyrosinasse from a periphytic marine bacterium

Kelley, S.; Coyne, Vernon E.; Sledjeski, Darren D.; Fuqua, W. Claiborne; Weiner, Ronald M.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04032.x

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This enzyme also acts on -DOPA, -tyrosine, p-cresol, catechol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, syringaldazine, guaiacol and 2,2h-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) (Kelley et al, 1990 ;Solano & Sanchez-Amat, 1999). …”

Section: Abbreviation : Cp Complex Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic characterization of marine bacterium strain 2-40, a degrader of complex polysaccharides.

González¹,

Weiner²

2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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The marine bacterium strain 2-40 was isolated from the salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora, in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, VA, USA. It is Gram-negative, requires sea salts and is a strict aerobe. It degrades numerous complex polysaccharides and synthesizes eumelanin. By 16S rDNA analysis, the isolate was shown to be a member of the γ-subclass of the Proteobacteria, related to Microbulbifer hydrolyticus and to a cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

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Section: Abbreviation : Cp Complex Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…salinity). Its enzyme systems have been proposed as a model for CP degradation (Weiner, 1998 ;Ensor et al, 1999), and its pleomorphic morphology and tyrosinase activity (Kelley et al, 1990) have been the subject of extensive investigations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic characterization of marine bacterium strain 2-40, a degrader of complex polysaccharides.

González¹,

Weiner²

2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…This is a general term that includes a wide variety of complex polyphenolic heteropolymers. Microorganisms may form melanin via L-tyrosine catabolism (8,13,32,33) or a tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1)-mediated pathway (17,21,26,29,31,37). In bacteria, tyrosine is degraded via pathways that involve either homoprotocatechuic (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic) acid (34) or homogentisic (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic) acid (HGA) (4, 30) as intermediates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Brown Pigments Produced by Yarrowia lipolytica Result from Extracellular Accumulation of Homogentisic Acid

Carreira¹,

Ferreira

Loureiro³

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Yarrowia lipolytica produces brown extracellular pigments that correlate with tyrosine catabolism. During tyrosine depletion, the yeast accumulated homogentisic acid, p-hydroxyphenylethanol, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the medium. Homogentisic acid accumulated under all aeration conditions tested, but its concentration decreased as aeration decreased. With moderate aeration, equimolar concentrations of alcohol and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (1:1) were detected, but with lower aeration the alcohol concentration was twice that of the acid (2:1). p-Hydroxyphenylethanol and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid may result from the spontaneous disproportionation of the corresponding aldehyde, p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. The catabolic pathway of tyrosine in Y. lipolytica involves the formation of p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, which is oxidized to phydroxyphenylacetic acid and then further oxidized to homogentisic acid. Brown pigments are produced when homogentisic acid accumulates in the medium. This acid can spontaneously oxidize and polymerize, leading to the formation of pyomelanins. Mn 2؉ accelerated and intensified the oxidative polymerization of homogentisic acid, and lactic acid enhanced the stimulating role of Mn 2؉ . Alkaline conditions also accelerated pigment formation. The proposed tyrosine catabolism pathway appears to be unique for yeast, and this is the first report of a yeast producing pigments involving homogentisic acid.Brown discoloration is a common defect in cheese. Yarrowia lipolytica is thought to be responsible for this discoloration in traditional Portuguese ewes' cheeses (7), Camembert (11), and Gorgonzola-type cheeses (27). The spoilage activity of this species seems to be related to its ability to produce brown pigments from tyrosine (5), but little is known of the mechanism involved.Brown pigments produced from tyrosine are known as melanins. This is a general term that includes a wide variety of complex polyphenolic heteropolymers. Microorganisms may form melanin via L-tyrosine catabolism (8,13,32,33) or a tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1)-mediated pathway (17,21,26,29,31,37). In bacteria, tyrosine is degraded via pathways that involve either homoprotocatechuic (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic) acid (34) or homogentisic (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic) acid (HGA) (4, 30) as intermediates. Both of these intermediates can be melanin precursors, and their accumulation usually results from an enzymatic disruption of these pathways. Brown pigments are formed from the oxidation and polymerization of these intermediates (8,13,32,33,35,36).Melanin production in Y. lipolytica is reported to result from L-tyrosine degradation (6). It is a two-stage process in which the pigment precursor is first accumulated outside the cells and then autooxidizes and polymerizes. The chemical core of the resulting pigment has a structure typical of an intermediate of tyrosine catabolism, and this structure or compound seems to be the main monomer in the polymer (6). We hypothesize that HGA is the precursor or intermediate involved, since ...

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“…Hydrolysis of CM-cellulose was tested as described by Bowman (2000) using R2A medium dissolved in artificial seawater as the basal medium. Eumelanin production via tyrosinase activity was tested according to Kelly et al (1990). Carbon utilization was tested on basal agar medium supplemented with yeast extract (NaCl, 23.6 g; KCl, 0.64 g; MgCl 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the reef-building coral Isopora palifera

Chen

Sheu

Arun

et al. 2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A Gram-negative, heterotrophic, marine bacterium, designated strain SW-11T, was isolated from the reef-building coral Isopora palifera in Kenting, Taiwan. Cells were rods and were motile by a single polar flagellum. The strain grew at 10–45 °C (optimum, 30–35 °C), at pH 7.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 2.0–4.0 % NaCl (optimum, 2.5–3.0 %). The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol and four unknown phospholipids. Isoprenoid quinones consisted of ubiquinone 9 (78.8 %) and ubiquinone 8 (21.1 %). Major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 22.3 %), C17 : 1ω8c (13.4 %), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c; 13.1 %), C16 : 0 (10.3 %) and anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c (10.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 51.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SW-11T belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria and is a member of the order Alteromonadales. Strain SW-11T shared 93.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Teredinibacter turnerae T7902T and 92.1 % with Saccharophagus degradans 2-40T, and can be further distinguished from these two related strains by distinct patterns of fatty acid content and differences in the polar lipid profile, the ability to utilize different compounds as carbon sources, the ability to degrade various compounds and differences in enzyme activities. The phylogenetic data and those from physiological, morphological and chemotaxonomic characterizations indicate that strain SW-11T represents a novel species and genus, for which the name Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae is SW-11T ( = BCRC 17935T = LMG 25246T).

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Identification of a tyrosinasse from a periphytic marine bacterium

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Phylogenetic characterization of marine bacterium strain 2-40, a degrader of complex polysaccharides.

Phylogenetic characterization of marine bacterium strain 2-40, a degrader of complex polysaccharides.

Brown Pigments Produced by Yarrowia lipolytica Result from Extracellular Accumulation of Homogentisic Acid

Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the reef-building coral Isopora palifera

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