Identification of Acanthamoeba Genotypes in Pools and Stagnant Water in Ponds in Sistan Region in Southeast Iran

Aghajani, Ali; Dabirzadeh, Mansour; Maroufi, Yahya; Hooshyar, Hossein

doi:10.5152/tpd.2016.4428

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This finding is similar to the results of previous studies (80% -88%) (10,20). Moreover, in the current study, the prevalence of Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Golestani

Rasti

Hooshyar

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Acanthamoeba is one of the most common opportunistic free-living amoebae, with ubiquitous presence in various environmental sources. Pathogenic strains of Acanthamoeba are the causative agents of amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify Acanthamoeba genotypes in soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water samples from Kashan, Central Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 122 samples from soil (n, 32), hospital dust (n, 40), and stagnant water (n, 50) were collected and examined for the presence of free-living amoebae and Acanthamoeba species. All the samples were cultured onto non-nutrient agar plates for detection of free-living amoebae. Acanthamoeba species was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, using specific primers. A total of 29 Acanthamoeba isolates were sequenced, and different genotypes were detected via sequence analysis. Results:The results showed that 82.8% (101/122) of samples were positive for free-living amoebae. The PCR assay revealed that 62.5%, 52.5%, and 50% of soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water samples were positive for Acanthamoeba species, respectively. Moreover, T4, T5, T2, T7, and T11 genotypes were identified. The most common genotype was T4 (76%), isolated from stagnant water. Conclusions: Acanthamoeba is a prevalent species in the soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water of Kashan. As this protozoon can cause severe infections, health education and improvement of sanitation services are recommended for prevention of infection.

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“…This finding is similar to the results of previous studies (80% -88%) (10,20). Moreover, in the current study, the prevalence of Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Golestani

Rasti

Hooshyar

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…These cosmopolitan protozoa have been found in soil ( Reyes-Batlle et al. 2014 ) and aquatic environments such as ponds and swimming pools ( Aghajani et al. 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural, Cytochemical, and Comparative Genomic Evidence of Peroxisomes in Three Genera of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae, Including the First Morphological Data for the Presence of This Organelle in Heteroloboseans

González‐Robles

González‐Lázaro

Lagunes-Guillén

et al. 2020

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Abstract Peroxisomes perform various metabolic processes that are primarily related to the elimination of reactive oxygen species and oxidative lipid metabolism. These organelles are present in all major eukaryotic lineages, nevertheless, information regarding the presence of peroxisomes in opportunistic parasitic protozoa is scarce and in many cases it is still unknown whether these organisms have peroxisomes at all. Here, we performed ultrastructural, cytochemical and bioinformatic studies to investigate the presence of peroxisomes in three genera of free-living amoebae from two different taxonomic groups that are known to cause fatal infections in humans. By transmission electron microscopy, round structures with a granular content limited by a single membrane were observed in Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba griffini, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba royreba, Balamuthia mandrillaris (Amoebozoa) and Naegleria fowleri (Heterolobosea). Further confirmation for the presence of peroxisomes was obtained by treating trophozoites in situ with diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide, which showed positive reaction products for the presence of catalase. We then performed comparative genomic analyses to identify predicted peroxin homologues in these organisms. Our results demonstrate that a complete set of peroxins -which are essential for peroxisome biogenesis, proliferation and protein import- are present in all of these amoebae. Likewise, our in silico analyses allowed us to identify a complete set of peroxins in Naegleria lovaniensis and three novel peroxin homologues in Naegleria gruberi. Thus, our results indicate that peroxisomes are present in these three genera of free-living amoebae and that they have a similar peroxin complement despite belonging to different evolutionary lineages.

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“…There exist several investigations on the prevalence of FLAs in various water sources across the country and around the globe, indicating the diversity and distribution of such amoeba. For instance, 59.1% of 22 cultured surface and stagnant water samples in Tehran ( 29 ), 35% of 120 water samples (wells and water pipes) in Shiraz ( 30 ), 61.11% of 54 water samples (wells, springs, qanats, and motor houses) in Arak ( 31 ), 30% of 50 environmental water sources (sea, pools, ponds, fountains, and running waters) in various regions of Guilan province ( 32 ), 88% of 93 water specimens from pools and ponds in Sistan & Baluchistan ( 33 ), and 34.44% of 90 pond water samples in Mashhad contaminated with the amoeba ( 34 ). Furthermore, contamination of water sources with FLA has been documented in reports from Egypt (43.2%), Italy (28.7%) ( 35 , 36 ), Thailand (15.9%), China (14.68%), Japan (68.7%), Turkey (22%), and Hungary (41%) ( 37 – 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria from Agricultural Water Canal in Qazvin, Iran

Rafsanjani

Hajialilo

Saraei

et al. 2020

IJPA

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Background: Free-living amoeba (FLA) are widely distributed in different environmental sources. The most genera of the amoeba are Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba. The most common consequences of the infections in immune-deficient and immunocompetent persons are amoebic encephalitis and keratitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria spp., isolated from the main agricultural water canal in Qazvin. Methods: Totally, 120 water specimens were collected and later the specimens were cultured and cloned to identify positive samples. PCR amplification and sequencing were carried out to identify the isolated species as well as the genotypes of amoeba. Results: According to morphological surveys, 41.7% (50/120) of water specimens were positive for FLA. Molecular analysis revealed that 68.6% and 31.4% of Acanthamoeba specimens were identified as T3 and T4 genotypes, respectively. Also, two species of Naegleria named as N. lovaniensis (57.1%) and Naegleria sp. (42.8%) were identified. The results of pathogenicity assays demonstrated that 38.5% of T3 and 61.5% of T4 genotypes of Acanthamoeba were highly pathogenic parasites. Conclusion: The water flowing in the agricultural canal of the area is contaminated with potential pathogenic FLA, therefore, it is recommended that more attention to be paid towards proper treatment of water sources to prevent possible risk of the disease.

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Identification of Acanthamoeba Genotypes in Pools and Stagnant Water in Ponds in Sistan Region in Southeast Iran

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Ultrastructural, Cytochemical, and Comparative Genomic Evidence of Peroxisomes in Three Genera of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae, Including the First Morphological Data for the Presence of This Organelle in Heteroloboseans

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria from Agricultural Water Canal in Qazvin, Iran

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