Identification of Aggregation-Sex Pheromone of the Korean Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Population, the Main Vector of Pine Wood Nematode

Abstract

We confirmed an aggregation-sex pheromone of the Korean Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) population, which primarily transmitted the pine wood nematode in Korea. Only the M. alternatus male emitted monochamol which has been previously reported in the Chinese M. alternatus population. In field attraction testing, the monochamol+α-pinene+ethanol combination attracted more M. alternatus adult beetles than traps containing only monochamol, ethanol, or α-pinene. The bark beetle aggregation pheromone compounds of ipsenol, ipsdienol, and ipsenol+ipsdienol, did not show synergistic effects with the monochamol+α-pinene+ethanol combination. No synergistic effects were observed when each host volatile compound of 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, limonene, myrcene, and β-pinene was added to traps containing monochamol+α-pinene+ethanol. The ratio of female beetles was much higher in traps containing the monochamol+α-pinene+ethanol combination than that of the natural population. Our results indicated that pheromone and synergists could be useful for managing the M. alternatus population.

The bimodal adult activity of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) caught in pheromone traps in Jeju can be explained by the competitive attractiveness of dying pine trees

“…So, the pheromone lure combined with additional plant volatiles (Lee et al . ) may be better than that of this study in the competition of attractiveness for M. alternatus . It will be interesting work that the attractiveness of two lure types above is compared in the field; to understand more a competitive relationship between dead pine trees and pheromone lures in the future.…”

“…But Lee et al . () showed that adults M. alternatus were attracted well to pheromone traps by the installation of additional plant volatiles such as 3‐carene, β‐caryophyllene, limonene, β‐myrcene, (−)‐α‐pinene and β‐pinene in polyurethane bag. So, the pheromone lure combined with additional plant volatiles (Lee et al .…”

“…We used pheromone lure only containing monochamol [2-(undecyloxy)-ethanol] and plant volatiles (alpha-pinene and ethanol) loaded in polyethylene bag. But Lee et al (2018) showed that adults M. alternatus were attracted well to pheromone traps by the installation of additional plant volatiles such as 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, limonene, β-myrcene, (À)-α-pinene and β-pinene in polyurethane bag. So, the pheromone lure combined with additional plant volatiles (Lee et al 2018) may be better than that of this study in the competition of attractiveness for M. alternatus.…”

“…But Lee et al (2018) showed that adults M. alternatus were attracted well to pheromone traps by the installation of additional plant volatiles such as 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, limonene, β-myrcene, (À)-α-pinene and β-pinene in polyurethane bag. So, the pheromone lure combined with additional plant volatiles (Lee et al 2018) may be better than that of this study in the competition of attractiveness for M. alternatus. It will be interesting work that the attractiveness of two lure types above is compared in the field; to understand more a competitive relationship between dead pine trees and pheromone lures in the future.…”

Characterization of MaltOBP1, a Minus-C Odorant-Binding Protein, From the Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

“…Monoterpenes (α-and β-pinene), which are produced by pine trees (Zhao et al, 2007), were identified as the primary attractants for adult Asian longhorned beetles. The synergistic effects of other host plant volatiles, such as 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, limonene, myrcene, and β-pinene have previously been confimed in Monochamus species (Lee et al, 2017(Lee et al, , 2018. In recent years, pine volatiles and sex pheromones have been used to develop various types of attractants that are effective in controlling M. alternatus (Fan et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2018;Ma T. et al, 2018).…”