Identification of an H6N6 swine influenza virus in southern China

Zhang, Guihong; Kong, Weili; Qi, Wenbao; Liang, Liping; Cao, Zongxi; Huang, Li; Qi, Haitao; Cao, Nan; Wang, Wenhua; Zhao, Furong; Ning, Zhangyong; Liao, Ming; Wan, Xiu‐Feng

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.02.023

Cited by 77 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Group II H6 viruses, which were observed only in the coastal regions of Guangdong and Fujian from 2000 to 2005 (9), have also been isolated in ducks from inland regions, such as Jiangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou, since 2006. One group II H6N6 virus has also been isolated from swine in Guangdong (21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic analyses of 297 H6 viruses isolated during this period suggest that group II H6 viruses have become predominant in the field and replaced the previously dominant group I viruses. Group II viruses have also spread to neighboring inland provinces and have occasionally been transmitted to swine (21). Antigenic analyses showed significant changes in the group II H6 viruses over time.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Establishment and Lineage Replacement of H6 Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks in Southern China

Huang

Zhu

Fan

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Domestic ducks in southern China act as an important reservoir for influenza viruses and have also facilitated the establishment of multiple H6 influenza virus lineages. To understand the continuing evolution of these established lineages, 297 H6 viruses isolated from domestic ducks during 2006 and 2007 were genetically and antigenically analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses showed that group II duck H6 viruses had replaced the previously predominant group I lineage and extended their geographic distribution from coastal to inland regions. Group II H6 virus showed that the genesis and development of multiple types of deletions in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk region could occur in the influenza viruses from domestic ducks. A gradual replacement of the N2 NA subtype with N6 was observed. Significant antigenic changes occurred within group II H6 viruses so that they became antigenically distinguishable from group I and gene pool viruses. Gene exchange between group II H6 viruses and the established H5N1, H9N2, or H6N1 virus lineages in poultry in the region was very limited. These findings suggest that domestic ducks can facilitate significant genetic and antigenic changes in viruses established in this host and highlight gaps in our knowledge of influenza virus ecology and even the evolutionary behavior of this virus family in its aquatic avian reservoirs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment and Lineage Replacement of H6 Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks in Southern China

Huang

Zhu

Fan

et al. 2012

J Virol

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“…2A). The viruses TW/2/13 (H6N1) and SW/GD/K6/10 (H6N6) were described previously by others (28,29). b H3 numbers were used throughout.…”

Section: Isolation Of Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that certain H6 viruses can infect and cause illness in mice and ferrets (26,27). An H6N6 virus was also detected in pigs in Guangdong province in China in 2010 (28), and an H6N1 virus was isolated from a human with flu-like symptoms in Taiwan in 2013 (29). Southern China has been considered an epicenter of influenza virus due to its poultry breeding and trading style.…”

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confidence: 99%

H6 Influenza Viruses Pose a Potential Threat to Human Health

Wang

Deng

Shi

et al. 2014

J Virol

100

146

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“…In addition to the prevalent H1 and H3 IAVs, other haemagglutinin subtype viruses, such as H1N1, H4N6, H5N1, H6N6 and H9N2, have been transiently detected in swine (Choi et al, 2005;Guan et al, 1996;Olsen, 2002;Peiris et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 2011). As swine have the avian-like NeuAc-2,3-a-Gal receptors and the human-like NeuAc-2,6-a-Gal receptors in their respiratory tracts, they have been proposed as a 'mixing vessel' for the generation of IAV reassortants (Scholtissek, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of virus shedding and antibody responses in influenza A virus-infected feral swine

Sun

Cunningham

Harris

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Given their free-ranging habits, feral swine could serve as reservoirs or spatially dynamic 'mixing vessels' for influenza A virus (IAV). To better understand virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics in the context of IAV surveillance amongst feral swine, we used IAV of feral swine origin to perform infection experiments. The virus was highly infectious and transmissible in feral swine, and virus shedding patterns and antibody response dynamics were similar to those in domestic swine. In the virus-inoculated and sentinel groups, virus shedding lasted #6 and #9 days, respectively. Antibody titres in inoculated swine peaked at 1 : 840 on day 11 post-inoculation (p.i.), remained there until 21 days p.i. and dropped to ,1 : 220 at 42 days p.i. Genomic sequencing identified changes in wildtype (WT) viruses and isolates from sentinel swine, most notably an amino acid divergence in nucleoprotein position 473. Using data from cell culture as a benchmark, sensitivity and specificity of a matrix gene-based quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method using nasal swab samples for detection of IAV in feral swine were 78.9 and 78.1 %, respectively. Using data from haemagglutination inhibition assays as a benchmark, sensitivity and specificity of an ELISA for detection of IAV-specific antibody were 95.4 and 95.0 %, respectively. Serological surveillance from 2009 to 2014 showed that ,7.58 % of feral swine in the USA were positive for IAV. Our findings confirm the susceptibility of IAV infection and the high transmission ability of IAV amongst feral swine, and also suggest the need for continued surveillance of IAVs in feral swine populations.

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Identification of an H6N6 swine influenza virus in southern China

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Establishment and Lineage Replacement of H6 Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks in Southern China

Establishment and Lineage Replacement of H6 Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks in Southern China

H6 Influenza Viruses Pose a Potential Threat to Human Health

Dynamics of virus shedding and antibody responses in influenza A virus-infected feral swine

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