Identification of antioxidants in polymeric insulating materials by terahertz absorption spectroscopy

Kozai, Takuya; Kaneko, Takuya; Hirai, Naoshi; Ohki, Yoshimichi

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.12.013

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For antioxidants, spectroscopic analyses have not been performed so often in the THz and FIR frequency ranges, although several quantum chemical calculations have been conducted [27][28][29]. From such a background, we reported THz absorption spectra for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheets containing nine kinds of antioxidants in our previous paper [27]. Furthermore, we measured absorption spectra of three kinds of phenol-type antioxidants added in LDPE sheets in a broadband FIR range, including both ordinary FIR and THz frequencies [30], and tried to quantify their contents by partial least-squares (PLS) regression, a kind of chemometric multivariate analysis [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadband FIR absorption spectra of low‐density polyethylene sheets containing six different antioxidants and estimation of their contents by chemometric analysis

Ogishima¹,

Kuroda²,

Hirai

et al. 2019

High Voltage

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Antioxidants are usually added to polymeric insulating materials to suppress oxidative degradation. However, the details of antioxidant added to a polymer are often not disclosed. On the other hand, compared to mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy, terahertz (THz) absorption spectroscopy, and far-infrared (FIR) absorption spectroscopy have not been performed so often. Based on the above backgrounds, six different kinds of antioxidants were added into low-density polyethylene sheets with four different contents, and their THz and FIR absorption spectra were measured. As a result, it has become clear that each antioxidant shows its specific absorption peaks, by which the antioxidants can be identified. Furthermore, the antioxidant content can be estimated by the absorption intensity of the specific peak. A chemometric analysis can make the estimation more accurately than a simple comparison of absorption intensity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband FIR absorption spectra of low‐density polyethylene sheets containing six different antioxidants and estimation of their contents by chemometric analysis

Ogishima¹,

Kuroda²,

Hirai

et al. 2019

High Voltage

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“…The presence of VOCs and SVOCs in polymeric materials mainly occurs by the following routes: (i) residues from the polymer synthesis process (residues of polymerisation, or traces of the initiators, catalysts, or solvents that were used therein); and (ii) substances introduced in the manufacturing process of plastic materials (antioxidants, plasticisers, UV stabilisers, as well as flame retardants (Hankett et al 2013;Pei et al 2017;Azwa et al 2013;Mitchell et al 2014;Kozai et al 2018;Yanagisawa et al 2018). In addition, various compounds can be formed and released due to structural degradation of the polymeric material, for example, after exposure to high temperatures and/or UV light (Royaux et al 2017;Formela et al 2017;Yu et al 2016;Bhaskar et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Polymeric Toys Placed in Child-Dedicated Chocolate Food Products—Do They Contain Harmful Chemicals? Examination of Quality by Example of Selected VOCs and SVOCs

2021

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This study was focused on child-dedicated chocolate food products that contain a plastic package with a small toy inside (also known as chocolate eggs). Three types of these products that are commercially available on the Polish market, with different prices, chocolate composition, and main types of polymers used in the toy manufacturing process, were investigated. The polymers were identified using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis and emissions of selected toxic volatile organic compounds of toy and packaging samples were identified using stationary emission micro-chamber. Total volatile organic compounds emissions were also estimated. Moreover, the content of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as bioaccumulative semi-volatile organic compounds was checked in all parts of the cheapest product. The highest PBDE concentrations, which ranged from 5.32 ± 0.79 to 1768 ± 289 ng/g, were recorded in chocolate samples. This demonstrates the need for consumer knowledge on the safety of such products available on the Polish market to be broadened. This is one of the many examples of studies showing that products sold on the European market do not always comply with the Conformité Européenne (CE) declaration of conformity. Furthermore, the presence of phased-out PBDEs in toys may provide evidence of wrong recycling practices. Forward-looking considerations showed that, based on assessments of the hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk of BDE-209 and assuming each child has contact with one toy and eats one of the studied chocolate products per day, there is no high risk associated with the exposure of children to PBDEs.

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“…The presence of VOCs and SVOCs in polymeric materials mainly occurs by the following routes: (i) residues from the polymer synthesis process (residues of polymerisation, or traces of the initiators, catalysts, or solvents that were used therein); and (ii) substances introduced in the manufacturing process of plastic materials (antioxidants, plasticisers, UV stabilisers, as well as ame retardants) (Hankett et al2013;Pei et al 2017;Azwa et al 2013;; Kozai et al 2018;Yanagisawa et al 2018). In addition, various compounds can be formed and released due to structural degradation of the polymeric material, for example, after exposure to high temperatures and/or UV light (Royaux et al 2017;Formela et al 2017;Yu et al 2016;Bhaskar et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small polymeric toys placed in child-dedicated chocolate food products - do they contain harmful chemicals? Examination of quality by example of selected VOCs and SVOCs

Śmiełowska

Marć

Zabiegała

2021

Preprint

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This study was focused on child-dedicated chocolate food products that contain a plastic package with a small toy inside (also known as chocolate eggs). Three types of these products that are commercially available on the Polish market, with different prices, chocolate composition, and main types of polymers used in the toy manufacturing process, were investigated. First, to fully characterise the studied polymer samples, the main types of material in the studied toys and their packaging were identified using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Next, the emissions of selected toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of toy and packaging samples were identified using stationary emission micro-chamber. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) emissions were also estimated. Moreover, the content of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as bioaccumulative semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) was checked in all parts of the cheapest product. The highest PBDE concentrations, which ranged from 5.32±0.79 to 1768±289 ng/g, were recorded in chocolate samples. This demonstrates the need for consumer knowledge on the safety of such products available on the Polish market to be broadened. This is one of the many examples of studies showing that products sold on the European market do not always comply with the CE declaration of conformity. Furthermore, the presence of phased-out PBDEs in toys may provide evidence of wrong recycling practices. Forward-looking considerations showed that, based on assessments of the hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk of BDE-209 (CRBDE-209) and assuming each child has contact with one toy and eats one of the studied chocolate products per day, there is no high risk associated with the exposure of children to PBDEs.

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Identification of antioxidants in polymeric insulating materials by terahertz absorption spectroscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Broadband FIR absorption spectra of low‐density polyethylene sheets containing six different antioxidants and estimation of their contents by chemometric analysis

Broadband FIR absorption spectra of low‐density polyethylene sheets containing six different antioxidants and estimation of their contents by chemometric analysis

Small Polymeric Toys Placed in Child-Dedicated Chocolate Food Products—Do They Contain Harmful Chemicals? Examination of Quality by Example of Selected VOCs and SVOCs

Small polymeric toys placed in child-dedicated chocolate food products - do they contain harmful chemicals? Examination of quality by example of selected VOCs and SVOCs

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