Identification of Avian Toll-Like Receptor 3 and 7 and Analysis of Gene Variation Sites

Abstract

Toll-like receptors 3 and 7 (TLR3 and 7) mediate immune responses through the recognition of viral single-stranded RNA and doublestranded RNA and therefore play important roles in host defense. Differences in TLR3 or 7 may affect host resistance to RNA viral infection. To illuminate these differences, the partial coding sequence (CDS) of TLR3 and 7 genes were cloned and amplified from the Phasianus colchicus and Numida meleagris, total 64 avian species of TLR3 and 7 sequences were later analyzed. Based on the results, 315 nonsynonymous mutation sites and 202 synonymous mutation sites were also observed in the avian TLR3, and 227 non-synonymous mutation sites and 174 synonymous mutation sites were observed in the avian TLR7. Among these sites, 44 and 45 sites were observed in functional regions of TLR3 and 7, used common variation of amino acids in most avian species. A number of these different sites appeared to affect the recognition and were also visualized. H59Y,

Expression of toll-like receptor 4 and its associated cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Leghorn chickens

“…In chicken, TLR4 has been identified in leukocytes and other tissues, including the liver, kidneys, lungs, fallopian tubes, small intestine, colon, and spleen. Moreover, TLR4 expression was found in leukocytes and heterophils from various chicken breeds [ 18 , 19 ]. Toll-like receptor 4 responds to LPS in mammals and birds by activating immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and B cells, that combat infections [ 20 , 21 ].…”