Identification of bacteriophage T4 prereplicative proteins on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels

Kutter, Elizabeth; d'Acci, K; Drivdahl, Rolf H.; Gleckler, J; McKinney, Jeana; Peterson, Scott W.

doi:10.1128/jb.176.6.1647-1654.1994

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Most of the T4 early promoters are in these widely conserved yet deletable regions, which are densely packed with the predicted ORFs. Many of the hypothetical ORF proteins-at least those over about 9 kDa-have been identified on two-dimensional gels by comparing labeled proteins produced by wild-type and the T4 deletion strains (604). These proteins are often produced in large quantities just after infection.…”

Section: Uvsyϫ1 Riϫ1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage T4 Genome

Miller

Kutter

Mosig

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

701

801

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SUMMARY Phage T4 has provided countless contributions to the paradigms of genetics and biochemistry. Its complete genome sequence of 168,903 bp encodes about 300 gene products. T4 biology and its genomic sequence provide the best-understood model for modern functional genomics and proteomics. Variations on gene expression, including overlapping genes, internal translation initiation, spliced genes, translational bypassing, and RNA processing, alert us to the caveats of purely computational methods. The T4 transcriptional pattern reflects its dependence on the host RNA polymerase and the use of phage-encoded proteins that sequentially modify RNA polymerase; transcriptional activator proteins, a phage sigma factor, anti-sigma, and sigma decoy proteins also act to specify early, middle, and late promoter recognition. Posttranscriptional controls by T4 provide excellent systems for the study of RNA-dependent processes, particularly at the structural level. The redundancy of DNA replication and recombination systems of T4 reveals how phage and other genomes are stably replicated and repaired in different environments, providing insight into genome evolution and adaptations to new hosts and growth environments. Moreover, genomic sequence analysis has provided new insights into tail fiber variation, lysis, gene duplications, and membrane localization of proteins, while high-resolution structural determination of the “cell-puncturing device,” combined with the three-dimensional image reconstruction of the baseplate, has revealed the mechanism of penetration during infection. Despite these advances, nearly 130 potential T4 genes remain uncharacterized. Current phage-sequencing initiatives are now revealing the similarities and differences among members of the T4 family, including those that infect bacteria other than Escherichia coli. T4 functional genomics will aid in the interpretation of these newly sequenced T4-related genomes and in broadening our understanding of the complex evolution and ecology of phages—the most abundant and among the most ancient biological entities on Earth.

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Section: Uvsyϫ1 Riϫ1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage T4 Genome

Miller

Kutter

Mosig

et al. 2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

701

801

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“…These adsorption cofactors commonly include divalent cations such as calcium ions but also monovalent cations such as those of sodium or potassium. So too there exist organic adsorption cofactors, particularly as has been observed for tryptophan [ 33 , 57 , 111 ], which may allow certain coliphages to distinguish between colonic and extra-colonic environments [ 32 , 114 ]. See especially Conley and Wood [ 58 ] for a description of the utility that these and other factors, such as temperature, could have toward allowing coliphage T4 to vary its adsorption ability and thereby adsorption rates (see too [ 114 ]).…”

Section: Adsorption Rate Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage Adsorption: Likelihood of Virion Encounter with Bacteria and Other Factors Affecting Rates

Abedon

2023

Antibiotics

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For ideal gasses, the likelihood of collision of two molecules is a function of concentrations as well as environmental factors such as temperature. This too is the case for particles diffusing within liquids. Two such particles are bacteria and their viruses, the latter called bacteriophages or phages. Here, I review the basic process of predicting the likelihoods of phage collision with bacteria. This is a key step governing rates of phage-virion adsorption to their bacterial hosts, thereby underlying a large fraction of the potential for a given phage concentration to affect a susceptible bacterial population. Understanding what can influence those rates is very relevant to appreciating both phage ecology and the phage therapy of bacterial infections, i.e., where phages are used to augment or replace antibiotics; so too adsorption rates are highly important for predicting the potential for phage-mediated biological control of environmental bacteria. Particularly emphasized here, however, are numerous complications on phage adsorption rates beyond as dictated by the ideals of standard adsorption theory. These include movements other than due to diffusion, various hindrances to diffusive movement, and the influence of assorted heterogeneities. Considered chiefly are the biological consequences of these various phenomena rather than their mathematical underpinnings.

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“…The regions containing several of these uncharacterized ORFs can be deleted without significantly affecting phage propagation under standard laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, these ORFs are likely to represent bona fide T4 genes since their protein products can be detected (Kutter et al ., 1994). Furthermore, most have been retained in at least some T4‐related phages (Repoila et al ., 1994; Nolan et al ., 2006; Petrov et al ., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

55.1, a gene of unknown function of phage T4, impacts on Escherichia coli folate metabolism and blocks DNA repair by the NER

Mattenberger

Mattson

Metrailler

et al. 2011

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryPhage T4, the archetype of lytic bacterial viruses, needs only 62 genes to propagate under standard laboratory conditions. Interestingly, the T4 genome contains more than 100 putative genes of unknown function, with few detectable homologues in cellular genomes. To characterize this uncharted territory of genetic information, we have identified several T4 genes that prevent bacterial growth when expressed from plasmids under inducible conditions. Here, we report on the various phenotypes and molecular characterization of 55.1, one of the genes of unknown function. High-level expression from the arabinoseinducible P BAD promoter is toxic to the bacteria and delays the intracellular accumulation of phage without affecting the final burst size. Low-level expression from T4 promoter(s) renders bacteria highly sensitive to UV irradiation and hypersensitive to trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. The delay in intracellular phage accumulation requires UvsW, a T4 helicase that is also a suppressor of 55.1-induced toxicity and UV sensitivity. Genetic and biochemical experiments demonstrate that gp55.1 binds to FolD, a key enzyme of the folate metabolism and suppressor of 55.1. Finally, we show that gp55.1 prevents the repair of UV-induced DNA photoproducts by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway through interaction with the UvrA and UvrB proteins.

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Identification of bacteriophage T4 prereplicative proteins on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Bacteriophage T4 Genome

Bacteriophage T4 Genome

Bacteriophage Adsorption: Likelihood of Virion Encounter with Bacteria and Other Factors Affecting Rates

55.1, a gene of unknown function of phage T4, impacts on Escherichia coli folate metabolism and blocks DNA repair by the NER

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