Identification of biodiesel feedstock in biodiesel/diesel blends using digital images and chemometric methods

Abstract

This study aims to identify the biodiesel feedstock (cottonseed, sunflower, corn or soybean oil) in biodiesel/diesel blends using digital images and chemometric methods.

Occurrence of wooden breast and white striping in Brazilian slaughtering plants and use of near‐infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to identify affected chicken breasts

“…In addition, the accuracy of the classification was found to be greater in the prediction set than in the training set. Similar results were also observed in other studies (Costa et al., 2015, 2016; Souto et al., 2015a, b).…”

Chemometrics‐assisted color histogram‐based analytical systems

“…3 An image capturing device to register the images of the chemical system under consideration. Simple commercial devices include digital cameras, 15,25,30,41,45,52,53,59,60 scanners, 21,28,34,35,39,43,46,[54][55][56][57]61 webcams, 26,29,32,33,[36][37][38]40,42,44,[47][48][49] and smartphones, 17,18,27,31,50,51,58 and the choice of one of them shall be according to its availability in each laboratory or specific need for a given application. However, it is important to note that the portability of systems through the use of smartphones has become a remarkable trend in the literature, mainly in applications involving univariate calibration for colorimetric analysis.…”

“…The use of white light enables the differentiation between different tones, hues, and shades when histograms are constructed from a digital image. Common sources include fluorescent lamps (either external or internal to a scanner 15,21,25,28,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][42][43][44]46,48,49,[54][55][56][57] ) and white-light LED (light-emitting diode) lamps 26,27,30,33,40,41,45,47,58,59 or LED strips, 17,31,50 and they must be suitably disposed in the system in order to avoid shadows and illumination gradients under the ROI. Ultraviolet (UV) lamps, 18,51 near infrared (NIR) LEDs, 29 internal flash lamp, 52,61 white-light-transilluminator, 53 and luminoscope 60 have been also used.…”

“…An exception is when using scanners, which already have a shield cover to prevent external interferences, or a protective box 39 can be also adapted for this same purpose. An image capturing device to register the images of the chemical system under consideration. Simple commercial devices include digital cameras, 15,25,30,41,45,52,53,59,60 scanners, 21,28,34,35,39,43,46,54–57,61 webcams, 26,29,32,33,36–38,40,42,44,47–49 and smartphones, 17,18,27,31,50,51,58 and the choice of one of them shall be according to its availability in each laboratory or specific need for a given application. However, it is important to note that the portability of systems through the use of smartphones has become a remarkable trend in the literature, mainly in applications involving univariate calibration for colorimetric analysis. A computer containing a software for extraction of the color histograms from the registered images and other for construction of the chemometric models.…”

“…The development of the new analytical methods that can provide scientific evidences in criminal and civil cases for investigative purposes has gained attention in forensics, especially by using minimally destructive or no destructive techniques. It includes a broad, interdisciplinary group of studies on different matrixes to cover applications regarding on quality control, 21,27,61 microbiology, 36 documentoscopy, 50 drug analysis, 39 archeology, 60 and adulterations of different products 29,38,41 …”